Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0032 Timberline, Herefordshire (Timberline Camp)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Herefordshire MHE696 (1463)

NMR:  SO 33 NE 12 (105768)

SM:  None

NGR:  SO387367

X:  338770  Y:  236807  (OSGB36)

Summary

Wooded, univallate, contour hillfort located in Timberline Wood on a significant SE spur above the River Dore and Golden Valley on the SW and the River Wye on the NW. Internal area 2ha. Site roughly follows the contours of the hill and has two simple entrances, one to the N is original and inturned, but that on SW may be modern. Cobbled paving found in former in 1952. Trial excavations in 1932 and 1952 revealed little about the structure of the fort, albeit some Romano-British pottery on occupation layers and a spearhead in the silt infill of the ditch found. Section across the rampart near the presumed N entrance suggested a rampart some 5.6m high, with possible revetment to the inside face, and ditch, latter surviving on W, N and E sides. Berm 4m wide from the SE to SW. Survey by Herefordshire Council in 2012 suggested that the crest of the bank now around 3m above the infilled exterior ditch and questioned whether the earlier 5.6m was accurate. Despite the wooded and damaged nature of the site, much can be ascertained. A private track runs through the site from N to S. No management at present.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -322143  Y:  6804872  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.8938569095526745  Latitude:  52.026244741802216  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Herefordshire

Historic County:  Herefordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Madley

Monument Condition

Despite the wooded and damaged nature of the site, much can be ascertained. A private track runs through the site from N to S. No management at present.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Deciduous woodland (oak, ask with some sweet chestnut planting in the interior) with dense bramble.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

The site roughly follows the contours of the spur. Located in Timberline Wood on a significant SE spur above the River Dore and Golden Valley on the SW and the River Wye on the NW.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Prominent SE- facing spur.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  196.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

The only dating evidence is that of some Romano-British pottery in occupation layers. However, the site could be earlier.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   The only dating evidence is that of some Romano-British pottery in occupation layers.

Investigation History

Trial excavations were undertaken in 1932 by R.S. Gavin Robinson and Marshal and in 1952 by the Hereford WMAS group under K.O.M. Dauncey. Herefordshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
Excavation (1932):   Trial excavations were undertaken in 1932 by R.S Gavin Robinson.
Excavation (1952):   Hereford WMAS group under K.O.M. Dauncey.
Other (2012):   Herefordshire Council survey

Interior Features

Nothing was determined concerning the interior in the trial excavations of 1932 and 1952. Some Roman-British pottery was found in occupation layers. Tip of 'spear head' found in ditch.

Water Source

Spring located 0.5 km outside the hillfort.

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Nothing determined in the trial excavations.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Some Roman-British pottery in occupation layers. Tip of 'spear head' found in ditch silt.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Two simple entrances, the one to the N is original and inturned, but that on the SW may be modern. Cobbled paving was found in the former in 1952.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   That to the SW probably modern.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   That to the N original.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (North):   Simple inturned entrance with cobbled paving.

Enclosing Works

A section across the rampart near the presumed N entrance suggested a rampart some 5.6m high, with possible revetment to the inside face, and ditch. The ditch survives on the W, N and E sides. There is a berm 4m wide to the S and E. A survey by Herefordshire Council in 2012, however, suggested that the crest of the bank is now around 3m above the infilled exterior ditch and questioned whether the earlier 5.6m was accurate. The exact location of the surviving bank is uncertain but thought to survive in places and above estimated.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.0ha.
Total:   2.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   The site area is unknown and estimated.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   The exact location of the surviving bank is uncertain, but thought to survive from the SE to SW the rest of the circuit, with slight ditch and no counterscarp.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible earthen bank. Berm 4m wide from the SE to SW.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Possible revetment to the inner face of the rampart.

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   The ditch c 2.5m wide survives on the W, N and E sides, with 1m to the interior.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Anthony, I.E. 1958. The Iron Age camp at Poston, Herefordshire, Hereford: The Woolhope Club.

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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