Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0049 Caer Caradoc, Clun, Shropshire (Caer Caradoc, Chapel Lawn; Gaer Ditches)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Shropshire 1161 (None)

NMR:  SO 37 NW 1 (109138)

SM:  1010723

NGR:  SO 310758

X:  331014  Y:  275798  (OSGB36)

Summary

Fine, partial contour hillfort located on a spur overlooking the River Redlake, with the Rivers Clun to the N and Teme to the S. Tilted towards the valley of the Redlake. Measures 375m ENE-WSW by 120m transversely at E end widening to maximum of 185m towards the W end, with internal area c. 2.7ha. Defined by two banks and ditches for most of circuit, but outer bank absent on the S where there is a counterscarp, and on the W a third bank and ditch is separated from second ditch by a level space giving added protection to the S flank of the entrance. The ramparts have broad flat tops. Entrances to E and W, both inturned. The slightly staggered W entrance, on the accessible side, is heavily defended by massive widely-spaced curving ramparts up to 7m high from base of a rock-cut ditch. E entrance more simply constructed and gives out onto a narrow ridge with steep natural slopes. Possible minor offset entrance with causeway to the N across the outer ditch. About six hut platforms near the E end. Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction. Inner quarry ditch in parts and evidence of hut sites sheltering in the lee of the rampart. Pasture with gorse scrub in the interior. Few investigations for such a major site. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -335610  Y:  6868368  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.0148362115961  Latitude:  52.375829788954164  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Shropshire

Historic County:  Shropshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Clun

Monument Condition

Well preserved hillfort with some stock erosion, but gorse in interior which has increased in the past 20 years poses management problems. Successful 1995 erosion repairs at W entrance.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Pasture with gorse scrub in the interior.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Very good example of a partial contour fort, being tilted towards the valley of the River Redlake to the NE. Superbly sited on a spur overlooking the River Redlake with the Rivers Clun to the N and Teme to the S.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✓
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  399.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Probably an Iron Age site, but evidence of earlier activity as Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers found.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers.
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers found.

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). Field observations Ordnance Survey 1973, 1979. Field observations Shropshire CC 1977, 1981. Field observations English Heritage 1980, 1984. Air Photograph Interpretation RCHME: Marches Uplands NMP 1993-2000. Evaluation E.A. Pearson 1995. Shropshire Council survey 2012.

Investigations:
Other (1995):   Evaluation E.A. Pearson.
Other (2012):   Shopshire Council survey.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed OS
Other (None):   Field observations OS.
Other (None):   Field observations Shropshire CC.
Other (None):   Field observations EH.
Other (None):   Air Photograph Interpretation RCHME: Marches Uplands NMP.

Interior Features

Around six hut platforms visible at the E end of the site. Inner quarry ditch in parts and evidence of hut sites sheltering in the lee of the rampart. Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers found. Small conical pit, 5 m in diameter, in the centre of the site, thought to be a grain storage pit, is probably an old mineral shaft.

Water Source

Stream located 0.4 km outside the fort. Collapsed shaft near centre of enclosure could possibly be a well.

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✓
Other   ✗

Surface

Around six hut platforms visible at the E end of the site. Inner quarry ditch in parts and evidence of hut sites sheltering in the lee of the rampart. Small conical pit, 5 m in diameter and 1.3 m deep, in the centre of the site, previously thought to be a grain storage pit, is probably an old mineral shaft.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✓
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Entrances to E and W, both inturned. The slightly staggered W entrance, on the accessible side, is heavily defended by massive widely-spaced curving ramparts up to 7m high from base of a rock-cut ditch. E entrance more simply constructed and gives out onto a narrow ridge with steep natural slopes. Possible minor offset, entrance with causeway to the N across the outer ditch.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   No modern gaps in evidence.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Good entrances.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. In-turned (East):   More simply constructed than that on W.
2. In-turned (West):   Slightly staggered W entrance, on the accessible side, heavily defended by massive widely-spaced curving ramparts up to 7 m high from base of a rock-cut ditch.
2. Over-lapping (West):   Slightly staggered.
3. Oblique (North):   Possible minor offset, or possibly oblique, entrance with causeway to the N across the outer ditch.

Enclosing Works

Two banks and ditches for most of circuit, but outer bank absent on the S where there is a counterscarp and on the W a third bank and ditch is separated from second ditch by a level space giving added protection to the S flank of the entrance. the ramparts have broad flat tops. Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.7ha.
Total:   2.7ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

Two banks and ditches for most of circuit, but outer bank absent on the south where there is a counterscarp and on the west a third bank and ditch is separated from second ditch by a level space giving added protection to the south flank of the entrance. Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction. Ramparts have broad flat tops.

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Number of ramparts vary around circuit. No details of phasing.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction. Ramparts have broad flat tops.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Up to three ditches in evidence.

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Dorling, P. and Wigley, A. 2012. Assessment of the archaeological and conservation status of major later prehistoric enclosures in Herefordshire and Shropshire, EH PNUM, Version 3.2, Hereford and Shrewsbury: Herefordshire Council/Shropshire Council.

Page, W. ed. 1908. Victoria County History of Shropshire, 1, 362-63, Institute of Historical Research.

Watson, M. 2002. Shropshire an archaeological guide, 23-4, plan and aerial photo, Shrewsbury: Shropshire Books.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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