Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0099 Membury Camp, Wiltshire (Membury Fort)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI430213 (MWB3075); West Berkshire MWB3075

NMR:  SU 37 NW 6 (228970)

SM:  1003818

NGR:  SU 30214 75285

X:  430214  Y:  175285  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, oval, contour hillfort located at SW corner of small downland plateau with River Kennet to SW and Ermin Street to NE. Steep slopes to S; flat plateau to N and E. Two banks with medial ditch visible with possible buried outer ditch not determined. Measures 390m by 490m, with internal area 13.75ha. Bank running into E side of fort possibly boundary earthwork. Gap on NE with flanking earthwork on W probably original inturned entrance; other gaps modern. In S interior possible hut circle c. 12m diameter showing as cropmark. Unexcavated, but chance finds of possible Iron Age pottery 1977, 1980 and 1987 and Neolithic chipped and polished grey flint axe and Neolithic or later grey flint adze or chisel, both in Passmore Collection, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. E side of fort part destroyed by WWII airfield and interior ploughed with overgrown wooded ramparts. On Ist Ed. OS map (1882).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -174367  Y:  6705870  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.5663623832398705  Latitude:  51.47567332489111  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire; West Berkshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire; Berkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Ramsbury; Lambourn

Monument Condition

E side of fort part destroyed by WWII airfield and interior ploughed with overgrown wooded ramparts. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Cultivated interior with wooded and overgrown ramparts. WWII airfield.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Large, oval, contour hillfort located at the SW corner of small downland plateau at 206m OD with the River Kennet to the SW and Ermin Street to the NE. Steep slopes to S and W and flat plateau to N and E.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Downland plateau

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  206.0m

Boundary

Greater part of site in Wiltshire; that to NE pre 1974 formerly in Berkshire, now in West Berkshire.

Boundary Type:  County


Dating Evidence

Chance finds of possible Iron Age pottery.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Possible Iron Age pottery.

Investigation History

On Ist Ed. OS map (1882). 1999-2000 RCHME aerial photograph interpretation as part of Lambourn Downs NMP.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1882):   OS map
Other (None):   RCHME aerial photograph interpretation as part of Lambourn Downs NMP.

Interior Features

Unexcavated, but chance finds of possible Iron Age pottery 1977, 1980 and 1987 and Neolithic chipped and polished grey flint axe and Neolithic or later grey flint adze or chisel, both in Passmore Collection, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. In S interior possible hut circle c. 12m diameter showing as cropmark.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

In S interior possible hut circle c. 12m diameter showing as cropmark.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Unexcavated, but chance finds of possoble Iron Age pottery 1977, 1980 and 1987 and Neolithic chipped and polished grey flint axe and Neolithic or later grey flint adze or chisel, both in Passmore Collection, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

In S interior possible hut circle c. 12m diameter showing as cropmark.

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Overgrown and mutilated gap on NE with flanking earthwork on W probably original inturned entrance; Five other modern gaps, especially where county boundary passes through site on N and E.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
6:   Five modern gaps, especially where county boundary passes through site on N and E.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Original entrance on NE side.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (North east):   Overgrown and mutilated.

Enclosing Works

Two banks with medial ditch visible with possible buried outer ditch not determined. Measures 390m by 490m. Bank running into E side of fort possibly boundary earthwork.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   13.8ha.
Total:   13.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Part destroyed on E side.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Possible chalk rubble/earthen bank.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Medial ditch visible; possible outer ditch buried, but not determined.

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Ditchfield, P.H. and Page, W. 1906. The Victoria County History of Berkshire, 1, Haymarket: James Street, 260.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria History of the Counties of England, London: OUP, 269.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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