Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0118 Shackleton Beacon Hill, County Durham

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  County Durham 2399904 (2303474, 2399905, 2303474, 2399906, 2303474)

NMR:  NZ 22 SW 4 (24041)

SM:  1016867

NGR:  NZ 22943 23298

X:  422943  Y:  523298  (OSGB36)

Summary

Lying at 183m OD within Redworth Woods on Shackleton Beacon Hill, a small, roughly oval multivallate hillfort liying on the west end of a prominent limestone ridge. Recorded in 1794 by W. Hutchinson, a local antiquarian. Measuring 60m NW to SE by 75m NE to SW it is naturally defended on the N and W sides by steep slopes. In the NE there are double banks of stone and earth 5m wide and up to 1m high, separated by a single ditch 5m wide and 1m deep. The S and W appears more strongly defended and the enclosing works follow the natural slope of the hill and comprise a sequence of four ditches and ramparts which vary in height from 2.5m to 0.2m and average 7m wide, and decrease in size and strength down slope. The ditches vary between 0.2m and 3m deep with an average width of 7m. A small, semi-circular extension of the two outer banks lies on the NE side. It is uncertain if the feature is contemporary with the hillfort. There is a simple causewayed entrance in the SE which later carried a track. No internal features are recorded. The interior is on two levels. In the W, a level platform measures 75m by 27m, in the E the ground falls steeply away to a lower area 60m by 20m. Some remodelling occurred in the 18th century when a windmill and later a folly occupied the interior, but the hillfort is otherwise in a good condition. It is uncertain if works carried out in the 18th century has destroyed or reduced the defences at certain points around the perimeter. The site is unexcavated and undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -183270  Y:  7285454  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.646342166982635  Latitude:  54.60435003584734  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  County Durham

Historic County:  County Durham

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Heighington

Monument Condition

It currently lies within unmanaged woodland and is included in the Heritage at Risk Register 2015 as vulnerable from scrub and tree growth

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A multivallate contour fort sited on a prominent limestone ridge at 183m OD

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Prominent limestone ridge

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  183.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Undated presumed Iron Age

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Windmill which was remodelled in the late 18th century to form a stone folly. The folly remains as a circular structure 6.5m in diameter with walls 0.8m thick and up to 3m high.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

The site was recorded in 1794 by local antiquary and topographer William Hutchinson. RCHME survey, ref. no. 621856. Field Investigators in 1953, 1962,1981, 1984, 1991. Scheduled.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1794):   Hutchinson, W
Other (1953):   None
Other (1962):   None
Other (1981):   None
Other (1981):   Scheduled
Other (1984):   Durham Magnesian Limestone Survey: RCHME
Other (1991):   Durham SAMs Project: RCHME

Interior Features

No internal features are recovered

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Unknown, in dense woodland

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

A simple causewayed entrance lies in the SE. Damage has a occurred through the construction of the road.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
None:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South east):   None

Enclosing Works

Double banks of stone and earth 5m wide and up to 1m high in the NE, separated by a single ditch 5m wide and 1m deep. In the S and W the enclosing works follow the natural slope of the hill and comprise a sequence of four ditches and ramparts varying in height from 2.5m to 0.2m and average 7m wide, decreasing in size and strength down slope. The ditches vary between 0.2m and 3m deep with an average width of 7m.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.35ha.
Total:   0.35ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Estimated area from dimensions.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   4
SW Quadrant:   4
NW Quadrant:   None
Total:   4

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Outer bank is the NE is possibly a counterscarp

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Single ditch in N.E, 4 ditches in the S and W

Number of Ditches:  4

Annex:
✓   The small, semi-circular extension on the NE side is possibly an annex.

References

Archaeo-Environment Ltd 1983-4. Limestone Landscapes Historic Environment Audit And Action Plan; Durham Magnesian Limestone Survey. RCHME

Hutchinson, W. 1785-1794. The history and antiquities of the county palatine, of Durham. Volumes III, p 205

Page, W. (ed) 1905 The Victoria history of the county of Durham, Vol. I. 349-50



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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