Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0143 Cherbury Camp, Berkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Oxfordshire 4943 (MOX183)

NMR:  SU 39 NE 4 (229424)

SM:  1006296

NGR:  SU 3742 9620

X:  437450  Y:  196350  (OSGB36)

Summary

North of Charney Bassett, low-lying on a raised dry tongue of land within a wet and marshy area (as shown by Arkell 1939) with good views to the Ridgeway to the S. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900). A regular oval-shaped site enclosing 4.6ha with three ramparts and two ditches between for the whole circuit although the outer rampart is probably a counterscarp bank. The outer rampart and counterscarp are are virtually gone on the E. Original entrance to E shown by excavation (Bradford 1940) to be a in-turned passageway with dry-stone wall revetting which continues along the outer face of the inner rampart, a cobbled roadway runs through the entrance. No excavation of the interior but aerial photography and geophysics (Wintle et. al. 2009) shows roundhouses and pits. Pottery from the excavation and subsequent surface collection (Hingley 1983) is dated to early and middle Iron Age. Possible small-scale Romano-British re-use.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -162519  Y:  6739714  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.4599374381060186  Latitude:  51.66464024726273  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Oxfordshire

Historic County:  Berkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Charney Bassett

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Upstanding ramparts for the whole circuit although outer ramparts on the E side have gone, has been ploughed in the interior but now pasture, woodland along the W ramparts, patches of scrub in other areas, rampart damage due to animals

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Flat, low-lying within wet/marshy area (Arkell 1939)

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Flat, low-lying within wet/marshy area (Arkell 1939)

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  On dry tongue of land within wet/marshy area

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  72.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Early and middle Iron Age pottery from excavation and surface finds

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   pottery

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900). Excavations in 1939 (Bradford 1940), rampart and E entrance. Surface finds (Hingley 1983). RCHME/EH survey, ref. no. 917381. Geophysical survey of interior and nearby cropmarks (Wintle et. al. 2009).

Investigations:
Excavation (1939):   Bradford 1940
Other (1939):   Environmental sampling, Arkell 1939.
Other (1983):   Surface survey, Hingley 1983.
Other (2003):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
Geophysical Survey (2007):   Wintle et. al. 2009
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed. OS
Earthwork Survey (None):   None

Interior Features

No surface evidence, roundhouses and pits shown by geophysics, early and middle Iron Age pottery by excavation and surface survey

Water Source

No obvious source inside but surrounded by wet marshland with many streams

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

No surface features due to heavy ploughing of interior

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

No excavation within the interior

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

Roundhouses, pits and a possible roadway shown by geophysics

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Pottery from excavation and field walking

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Original E entrance excavated (Bradford 1940), passageway slightly inturned, dry-stone revetted, cobbled surface. Breaks to N and SE are modern.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Breaks to N and SE are modern.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Passage-way/Corridor (East):   Passageway and slightly inturned entrance at E, excavation shows dry-stone wall revetting and laid road

Enclosing Works

Three ramparts and two ditches between, outer may be a counterscarp bank. Outer two ramparts destroyed on E side. Stone walling eroding from inner rampart confirmed as dry stone revetting outer wall by excavation (Bradford 1940).

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.6ha.
Total:   4.6ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

Three ramparts and two ditches between, outer may be a counterscarp bank. Outer two ramparts destroyed on E side. Stone walling eroding from inner rampart confirmed as dry stone revetting outer wall by excavation (Bradford 1940).

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Inner rampart shows eroding dry stone walling outer face and loose stone

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

Excavation showed dry stone outer revetting walling for inner rampart

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✓   Straight joint in revetting dry stone wall of inner rampart suggests gang working (Bradford 1940)

Ditches:
✓   Two ditches for whole circuit between three ramparts

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Bradford, J. 1940. The excavation of Cherbury Camp, 1939. An interim report. Oxoniensia, 5, 13-20.

Arkell, W. 1939. The site of Cherbury Camp. Oxoniensia, 4, 196-7.

Hingley, R. 1983. Charney Bassett: Cherbury Camp. S Midlands Archaeol, 13, 123-5.

Wintle, W., Hawes, J and Boyer K. 2009. Geophysical survey at and near Cherbury Camp. S Midlands Archaeol, 39, 67-71.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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