Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0154 Hardwell Camp, Berkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Oxfordshire 7320 (MOX319)

NMR:  SU 28 NE 12 (225417)

SM:  1017820

NGR:  SU 2876 8673

X:  428755  Y:  186745  (OSGB36)

Summary

E of Compton Beauchamp, situated on a promontory of the chalk downs overlooking the Vale of the White Horse to the N, not the highest point as it is overlooked, two small valleys run from the site N down the scarp slope. Mentioned in Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693), on the 1st Ed. OS map. A complex site which is difficult to interpret using ramparts, ditches and natural slopes. To the N the main rampart runns along the top edge of the small valleys, built of stone rubble and turf and measures c.10m wide, standing between 0.5m and 1.5m high above the interior. The rampart runs along the E and W sides, and E-W across the relatively level ground to the S where this more open side is further protected by a c.16m wide outer ditch and a second outer bank of similar proportions to the first which connects with the entrance hornwork. One good original entrance in SE corner, possible corridor with outworks/hornwork, possible small N entrance, simple gap directly on to steep slope leading down the scarp face. The whole site is covered with dense woodland and scrub, no interventions but probably middle Iron Age based on the rampart morphology, especially the SE entrance.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -176601  Y:  6724321  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.5864371938959023  Latitude:  51.57879026275009  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Oxfordshire

Historic County:  Berkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Compton Beauchamp

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Ramparts upstanding but heavily wooded as is most of interior making it very difficult to interpret

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A complex site, situated on a promontory of the chalk escarpment, not the highest point so is overlooked, uses natural slopes of two small steep valleys running from the N, a more gentle approach from the S where themain entrance is

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  On chalk scarp overlooking the Vale of the White Horse to the N

Aspect:
North   ✓
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  182.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Probably middle Iron Age based on morphology of the earthworks, especially the SE entrance

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   None

Investigation History

Mentioned in Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693), on the 1st Ed. OS map. No other investigations.

Investigations:
Other (2003):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed. OS

Interior Features

No evidence for internal features

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

One good original entrance in SE corner, possible corridor with outworks/hornwork. Possible small N entrance, simple gap directly on to steep slope leading down the scarp face.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
None:   Unknown

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Hornwork (South east):   None
1. Passage-way/Corridor (South east):   None
2. Simple Gap (North):   None

Enclosing Works

A complex design using ramparts, ditches and natural slopes. To the N two enclosed spurs extend from the ridge with the main rampart running along their top edge, built of stone rubble and turf and measures c.10m wide, standing between 0.5m and 1.5m high above the interior. The rampart runs E-W across the relatively level ground to the S where it is interrupted by an original entrance. This more open side is further protected by a c.16m wide outer ditch and a second outer bank of similar proportions to the first which connects with the entrance hornwork.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.4ha.
Total:   2.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Rubble eroding from the bank in places.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   It is unsure where the ditch runs along the N edge, can be traced to the W and E, best seen at the S where it is c.16m wide.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Ditchfield, P.H. and Page, W. 1906 The Victoria history of Berkshire, Vol. 1., London, 172-3

Cotton, M. A. 1962. Berkshire Hill Forts. Berkshire Archaeol J, 60, 51.

Steane, J. 1982. Hardwell Camp, S Midlands Archaeol, 12, 87-88.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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