Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0167 Rams Hill, Berkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Oxfordshire 10556 (MOX10014)

NMR:  SU 38 NW 5 (229217)

SM:  None

NGR:  SU 3143 8630

X:  431430  Y:  186300  (OSGB36)

Summary

Situated on a slight hill at the N edge of the chalk downland scarp overlooking Kingston Lisle and the Vale of the White Horse. First mentioned in an Anglo Saxon charter of 963. A univallate enclosure with a single ditch of 3.5ha in an arable field and now completely ploughed away but visible on aerial photographs. The hillfort replaced a middle/late Bronze Age enclosure (dated by Needham and Ambers 1994) and in turn has a Romano-British enclosure attached to its E side. Two campaigns of excavations (Piggott and Piggott 1940; Bradley and Ellison 1975) concentrated mainly on the Bronze Age enclosure but showed the hillfort rampart to be 7.5m wide, probably a simple dump construction, and the ditch flat-bottomed, 7.5m wide and 2.1m deep. Two original entrances to the W and S, the W subsequently blocked. Dated from early Iron Age pottery in the ditch and the excavators suggest the hillfort may have been short-lived and perhaps even unfinished. No evidence for internal features.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -172309  Y:  6723579  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.547874196801596  Latitude:  51.57464679282594  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Oxfordshire

Historic County:  Berkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Uffington; Kingston Lisle

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✓
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Ploughed out but visible on aerial photograph, ramparts survive as very low banks in places maximum of c.1m high.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A contour fort positioned on the top of the chalk downland escarpment, views to the N over the Vale of the White Horse, in other directions over the downs.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  On the chalk scarp overlooking the Vale of the White Horse

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  238.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

Early Iron Age pottery in ditch fill, hillfort may be short-lived and a suggestion it is unfinished (Bradley and Ellison 1975). Replaces a middle/late Bronze Age enclosure, replaced by Romano-British enclosure.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Pottery from excavation

Investigation History

First mentioned in an Anglo Saxon charter of 963. 1938 and 1939, Piggott and Piggott (1940), three sections through the hillfort ramparts. Bradley and Ellison (1975) excavations mainly on the inner Bronze Age enclosure, field walking survey of surrounding area plus comments on earlier work.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (963):   Anglo Saxon charter
Other (1974):   Fieldwalking, Bradley and Ellison 1975
Other (2003):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
Excavation (None):   Piggott and Piggott 1940.
Excavation (None):   Bradley and Ellison 1975

Interior Features

No evidence for internal features of the hillfort

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Initially two, W and S, the W subsequently blocked

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South):   Simple gap to S
2. Simple Gap (West):   Blocked entrance to W
2. Blocked (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Univallate with a single ditch for the entire circuit, excavation (Piggott and Piggott 1940) suggests rampart is c7.5m wide with no revetment and the ditch is flat-bottomed, 7.5m wide, 2.1m deep, possibly unfinished.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   3.5ha.
Total:   3.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Earthen bank but mostly ploughed away

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Mostly removed, suggested by excavation to be 7.5m wide with no revetment

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   One ditch for entire circuit, flat-bottomed, 7.5m wide, 2.1m deep.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Piggott, C. and Piggott, S. 1940. Excavations at Rams Hill, Uffington, Berkshire. Antiq J, 20, 465-80.

Bradley, R. and Ellison, A. 1975. Rams Hill. Oxford: BAR Brit Ser 19.

Needham, S. and Ambers, J, 1994. Redating Rams Hill and reconsidering Bronze Age enclosure, Proc Prehist Soc, 60, 225-243.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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