Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0364 Wychbury Ring, Worcestershire (Wychbury Camp; Wychbury Hill Camp)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Worcestershire MWR121 (WSM00339); Dudley 3252

NMR:  SO 98 SW 4 (118705)

SM:  1003820

NGR:  SO 9190 8170

X:  391872  Y:  281744  (OSGB36)

Summary

Mulivallate, strong and complex fort following more or less closely the irregular outline of the hill. Located at the extreme W end of the Clent Hills, where the range abruptly ends and overlooking the River Stour valley. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). The site commands the wide Worcestershire Plain to the S and W. Generally follows the contours of the hill, the NE side is weakest with a single scarp. To the NW there is a double rampart with ditch and this increases in size southwards until it develops into triple ramparts, beyond which, at the SW angle, the innermost rampart in-turns to form a well-marked entrance. From here the banks increase in complexity to form a fourth and outer rampart. At this point, it has been suggested that this rampart forms an annexe of c. 5.5ha at the E angle, to be contained within the main body of the site. This is now disputed. Ramparts are best preserved on the S, the outer some 10m wide and 2.3m high, with a ditch 10m wide and c. 1.2m deep. To the N the inner ditch is silted and outer bank reduced to a lynchet type slope. The main, and heavily inturned, entrance is on the NE side. Old hollow-way, 2m deep, some 80m S of hillfort, mistaken for outworks. Small excavation of ten trial trenches in 1884.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -236108  Y:  6878905  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.1209928146227943  Latitude:  52.43358062621529  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Worcestershire; West Midlands

Historic County:  Worcestershire; Staffordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Hagley; Dudley

Monument Condition

Fair in places. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Built up areas nearby.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Contour hillfort located at the extreme W end of the Clent Hills, where the range abruptly ends and overlooking the River Stour valley. The site commands the wide Worcestershire Plain to the S and W.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Hill top

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  213.0m

Boundary

The boundary between Worcs. and the West Midlands runs SW-NE through the hillfort and bounds the enclosure in the NE. The region has undergone several historic county changes - Worcestershire to 1966; Staffordshire 1966-1974; West Midlands 1974 onwards. Dudley now effectively a unitary.

Boundary Type:  County


Dating Evidence

Two bronze rings found in excavation, now lost, one identified by British Museum as early Iron Age terret. Silver coin of Augustus (Tiberius), found at NE gate. Roman coins found nearby. All suggest possible Iron Age and Romano-British dates.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✓
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Bronze early Iron Age rings.
Other:   WWII recording.

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900). Small excavation of ten trial trenches by E. B Marten in 1884. WWII details recorded in the CBA 'Defence of Britain Project', 1995-2002. WWII details under separate Monument No 1428065 and SAM No 1005900.

Investigations:
Excavation (1884):   Directed by E.B. Marten.
Other (1923):   Scheduled
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   1st Ed OS
Other (None):   CBA 'Defence of Britain Project'.

Interior Features

Two bronze rings found in excavation, now lost, one identified by British Museum as early Iron Age terret. Silver coin of Augustus (Tiberius), found at NE gate. Roman coins found nearby.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

1884 excavation - no details.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Two bronze rings found in excavation, now lost, one identified by British Museum as early Iron Age terret. Silver coin of Augustus (Tiberius), found at NE gate. Roman coins found nearby.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✓
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✓

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Both the NE and SW entrances are heavily inturned. A winding track, bounded by ditches to the SW entrance is probably modern. The track to the NE entrance could be original, but has not been investigated.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. In-turned (South west):   Heavily inturned.
2. In-turned (North east):   Heavily inturned

Enclosing Works

NE side is weakest with a single scarp. To the NW there is a double rampart with ditch and this increases in size S'wards until it develops into triple ramparts, beyond which, at the SW angle, the innermost rampart inturns to form a well-marked entrance. From here the banks increase in complexity to form a fourth and outer rampart.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.9ha.
Total:   2.9ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   4
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   4

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Possibly three ditches. Ramparts are best preserved on the S, the outer with a ditch 10m wide and c. 1.2m deep. To the N the inner ditch is silted and outer bank reduced to a lynchet type slope.

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   A possible annexe of 5.5ha to the S within the main body of the hillfort is now questioned.

References

Cooper, M. and Woodiwiss, S. 1993. Assessment of the effect of the proposed Kidderminster Bypass on the setting of Wychbury Camp, Unpublished report, Archaeological Service - Worcestershire County Council. Archaeological Service - Hereford and Worcester County Council, 163.

Page, W. and Willis-Bund, J.W. (eds) 1924. Victoria History of the Counties of England: a history of the County of Worcestershire, Vol IV, 424, 494, London: St Catherine Press.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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