Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0410 Martinsell Hill Camp, Wiltshire (Martin's Hill; Martinsell)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI14758 (None)

NMR:  SU 16 SE 6 (220993)

SM:  1065676

NGR:  SU17406397

X:  417401  Y:  163970  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, univallate, partial contour hillfort located on the steep downland spur of Martinsell Hill jutting out into Vale of Pewsey and just to NW of Giant's Grave. Rectilinear in shape comprises single rampart and ditch 2.8m-3.2m high with outer ditch 1m deep, enclosing 13ha. Numerous modern breaks occur around the circuit, but those at NE and SW are probably original entrances. NE entrance damaged by later hollow way running c. 70m to NE. Here ditch has outer bank 1m high running c. 60m on either side of entrance. To E ditch fades into terrace on which modern boundary bank, re-forming at SW angle where another entrance damaged by later trackway. The NW angle mutilated by quarry and outer ditch destroyed on N. Called 'Maetelmesburg' in 8th century. Has been called 'hilltop enclosure' by Bowden (2005, 159). Geophysical survey showed little internal activity (Payne et al 2006), but numerous Iron Age and Roman chance finds in fort and nearby suggest that detailed excavation of fort could yield results. Under cultivation and part woodland to NE and SE. On Ist Ed. OS map (1886-87).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -194965  Y:  6687802  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.7514045214423544  Latitude:  51.374469518906594  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Milton Libourne; Pewsey; Savernake

Monument Condition

Numerous modern gaps in defences. Entrances damaged and NW angle mutilated by quarry and outer ditch destroyed on N.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Under cultivation and part woodland to NE and SE. Quarry.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Large, univallate, partial contour hillfort located on the steep downland spur of Martinsell Hill jutting out into Vale of Pewsey and just to NW of Giant's Grave.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Sited on the steep spur of Martinsell Hill jutting out into the Vale of Pewsey and just to the north-east of Giant's Grave.

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Steep downland spur.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  289.0m

Boundary

Three parishes

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

Probable Iron Age date. Numerous Iron Age and Roman chance finds nearby suggest that detailed excavation of fort could yield results.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Chance finds nearby.

Investigation History

Called 13th century 'Mattelsore'. In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On Ist Ed. OS map (1886-87). Sketch Plan A.J. Hubbard 1907. Watching Brief 1976. English Heritage Wessex Hillforts Project Payne et al 2006. Called 'Maetelmesburg' in 8th century.

Investigations:
Other (1907):   Sketch Plan A.J. Hubbard.
Other (1976):   Watching Brief - no archaeology.
Other (1976):   Watching Brief.
Geophysical Survey (1996):   Wessex Hillforts Project.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Called 13th century 'Mattelsore'.
Other (None):   In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS 2,500 map.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Called 'Maetelmesburg' in 8th century.

Interior Features

Iron Age sherds, including fragments of haematite-coated bowls and stamped, incised and finger decorated wares and Roman sherds including 1st and 2nd century Samian and Savernake wares and some 3rd and 4th century fragments of ampulla, and part of red deer antler from rampart . Also coin of Cunobelin and Eppaticus nearby. Iron Age sherds found by Meyrick in quantity outside fort to W and NE and three Romano-British sherds just to W. Geophysical survey showed little internal activity (Payne et al 2006).

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

Geophysical survey showed little internal activity (Payne et al 2006).

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Chance finds of Iron Age sherds, including fragments of haematite-coated bowls and stamped, incised and finger decorated wares and Roman sherds including 1st and 2nd century Samian and Savernake wares and some 3rd and 4th century fragments of ampulla, and part of red deer antler from rampart. Also coin of Cunobelin and Eppaticus nearby. Iron Age sherds also found by Meyrick in quantity outside fort to W and NE and three Romano-British sherds just to W.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Numerous modern breaks occur around the circuit, but those at NE and SW are probably original entrances. NE entrance damaged by later hollow way running c. 70m to NE. Here ditch has outer bank 1m high running c. 60m on either side of entrance. To E ditch fades into terrace on which modern boundary bank, re-forming at SW angle where another entrance damaged by later trackway. The

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
15:   Numerous modern breaks on N and W sides.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Damaged by later hollow way.
1. Outworks (North east):   Ditch has outer bank 1m high running c. 60m on either side of entrance.
2. Simple Gap (South west):   Damage by later trackway.

Enclosing Works

Rectilinear in shape comprises single rampart and ditch 2.8m-3.2m high with outer ditch 1m deep. Ditch at NE entrance has outer bank 1m high running c. 60m on either side of entrance. To E ditch fades into terrace on which modern boundary bank, re-forming at SW angle where another entrance damaged by later trackway. The NW angle mutilated by quarry and outer ditch destroyed on N.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   13.0ha.
Total:   13.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Bowden, M. 2005. The middle Iron Age on the Marlborough Downs, in eds G. Brown, D. Field and D. McOmish, The Avebury landscape, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 156-63.

Payne, A., Corney, M. and Cunliffe, B. 2006. The Wessex Hillforts Project. Extensive survey of hillfort interiors in Cenral Southern England, London: English Heritage, 118-23.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 180.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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