Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0413 Castle Hill, Blunsdon St Andrew, Wiltshire (Castle Hill, Swindon; Bury Blunsdon)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI16746 (None)

NMR:  SU 19 SE 8 (222176)

SM:  1016324

NGR:  SU15719117

X:  415716  Y:  191176  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate partial contour hillfort located on downland spur promontory of Castle Hill facing NW with far reaching views towards River Thames lowlands and its confluence with the River Ray at Cricklade. Moderate surrounding slopes N, E, W, level to moderate on S. Andrews and Dury's Topographical Map of Wiltshire 1773. Site measures c. 250m by 150m aligned approximately NW to SE, roughly triangular in plan with the NW side forming a rounded angle, enclosing 3.5ha. S and W sides defended by bank max. 15m wide. Beyond this ditch 20m wide with substantial counterscarp bank (particularly strong on SE and SW) with crest 4.5m above base ditch. Moderate slopes to NE have slight internal bank. Break in earthworks at the SW and SW angle of probably original entrance. Number of probable storage pits revealed during magnetometer survey during 2004. Colt Hoare recorded possible causeway descending NW from hillfort now thought to be medieval reuse of ditch as trackway. Low earthworks within SW corner possible remains of occupation. Ramparts on NW levelled to form several lynchets, most probably during medieval period. Possible early Iron Age pottery found on S side of rampart. Downland pasture. On Ist Ed. OS map (1886).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✓

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -197526  Y:  6731552  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.7744084022699655  Latitude:  51.61914344512152  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Blunsdon St Andrew

Monument Condition

Slight condition, but substantial counterscarp banks. Burytown Lane restricts site on SE.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Downland pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Roughly triangular, univallate, partial contour hillfort located on downland spur promontory of Castle Hill facing NW towards River Thames lowlands and its confluence with the River Ray at Cricklade. Moderate surrounding slopes N, E, W, level to moderate on S.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Located on a downland spur looking north-west towards the River Thames lowlands at its confluence with the River Ray at Cricklade.

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Downland spur

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✓
Level   ✗

Altitude:  132.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Possible early Iron Age pottery found on S side of rampart.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Possible Iron Age pottery.

Investigation History

Andrews and Dury's Topographical Map of Wiltshire 1773. On Ist Ed. OS map (1886). Magnetometer survey during 2004, Univ. of Oxford. 1988-95 aerial photograph interpretation: Thames Valley NMP.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1773):   Andrews and Dury's Topographical Map of Wiltshire.
Other (1886):   OS map.
Geophysical Survey (2004):   Magnetometer survey.
Other (None):   RCHME aerial photograph interpretation: Thames Valley. NMP.

Interior Features

A number of probable storage pits were revealed during a magnetometer survey during 2004. Low earthworks within SW corner possible remains of occupation. Possible early Iron Age pottery found on S side of rampart.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Low earthworks within SW corner possible remains of occupation.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

A number of probable storage pits were revealed during a magnetometer survey during 2004.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Possible early Iron Age pottery found on S side of rampart.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Original simple gap entrance at curving intersection of SW and SE sides. Path over ramparts to N modern.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Path over ramparts to N modern.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South):   At intersection of SW and SE sides.

Enclosing Works

S and W sides defended by bank max. 15m wide. Beyond this ditch 20m wide with substantial counterscarp bank (particularly strong on SE and SW) with crest 4.5m above base ditch. Moderate slopes to NE have slight internal bank.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   3.5ha.
Total:   3.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Strong counterscarp.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Bishop, S. 2004 MAGNETOMETRY SURVEY AT BLUNSDON. University of Oxford.

Colt Hoare 1821. The ancient history of Wiltshire, 2, London: Miller, 39.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 263.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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