Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0415 Chisbury Camp, Wiltshire (Chisbury)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI (None)

NMR:  SU 26 NE 5 (224649)

SM:  1013400

NGR:  SU27896597

X:  427893  Y:  165971  (OSGB36)

Summary

Remains of multivallate oval-shaped contour hillfort situated on low hill immediately S of Chisbury, enclosing 5.7ha. Remains medieval Chapel of St Martin lie on the E side of fort on line of defences and Manor Farm house located in the NE interior. Two, and in places three, circuits of ramparts, as spread banks to 0.3m in height and some over 50m in overall width. The external dimensions c. 450m NW-SE by 325m NE-SW. Bisected by modern road utilising gaps in the NW and SE sides, possibly through original entrances, especially that on the E which is shown on Andrews and Dury's map of 1773 with a hollow way leading to it. Ramparts also broken by several other gaps for access to the buildings which currently lie within fort; most to E of road, including the widest containing the chapel. Small excavation prior to building works. Chance finds of Iron Age pottery, urns, bronze swords, decorated harness mount. Possible storage pits. Recent finds from immediately outside the fort include coins and other objects of Roman date. The chapel interpreted as either chapel of ease to the parish church of Great Bedwyn or a free chapel of the Hampshire abbey of St Denys. Site generally well-preserved, despite buildings. On 1st Ed OS map (1877-82).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -178168  Y:  6690937  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.6005122394142797  Latitude:  51.39204499896324  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Little Bewyn

Monument Condition

Remains medieval Chapel of St Martin lie on the E side of fort on line of defences and Manor Farm house located in the NE interior and road passes through site NW to SE. Despite this, generally well-preserved.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Pasture. Chapel remains, farmhouse and road.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Remains of multivallate, oval-shape,d contour hillfort situated on low hill immediately S of Chisbury.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Downland site high above the River Kennet and east of Savernake Forest

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Low hill.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  176.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Chance finds of late Iron Age pottery, silver coin of Verica, bronze swords? and decorated harness mount indicate late iron Age to Roman-British use of site.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Finds late Iron Age pottery, siver coin of Verica, bronze swords? and decorated harness mount.

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). Described by Colt Hoare 1819. On 1st Ed OS map (1877-82). On Shown on Andrews and Dury's map of Wiltshire 1773. 1931 laying of water pipe finds in interior. Prior building works excavation, Wiltshire Rescue Archaeology Project. English Heritage Savernake Forest NMP Project, 2001-08.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1773):   Andrew and Dury's Map of Wiltshire.
Other (1931):   Laying of water pipe finds.
Excavation (1988):   Prior building works, Wiltshire Rescue Archaeology Project.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.
Other (None):   OS map.
LiDAR Survey (None):   English Heritage Savernake Forest NMP Project.

Interior Features

Small 1988 excavation for building works found post-medieval layers only. LiDar survey found trackway (visible as raised linear bank) in NW quadrant to NW entrance. In SE quadrant two banks, but whether Iron Age or later unclear. Finds late Iron Age pottery, silver coin of Verica, bronze swords and decorated harness mount. Possible storage pits.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Possible storage pits, but unconfirmed.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Small 1988 excavation for building works found post-medieval layers only.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Chance finds late Iron Age pottery, siver coin of Verica, Possibly bronze swords and decorated harness mount. Water pipe laying 1931 found non-context Iron Age wheel-made bead rim and pre-Belgic pottery, early Iron Age sherds, and fragments of Samian ware bowl, long non-socketed spearhead (lost), two long swords and c. six urns.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

LiDar survey found trackway (visible as raised linear bank) in NW quadrant to NW entrance. In SE quadrant two banks, but whether Iron Age or later unclear. Possible storage pits?

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

Bisected by modern road utilising gaps in the NW and SE sides, possibly through original entrances, especially that on the E which is shown on Andrews and Dury's map of 1773 with a hollow way leading to it.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
None:   Numerous total breaks in ramparts not determined. Ramparts broken by gaps for access to the buildings which currently lie within fort; most to E of road, including the widest containing the chapel.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   None
2. Simple Gap (South east):   None
2. Hollow Way (South east):   Shown on Andrews and Dury's map of 1773 with a hollow way leading to it.

Enclosing Works

Two, and in places three circuits of ramparts, as spread banks to 0.3m in height and some over 50m in overall width. The external dimensions c. 450m NW-SE by 325m NE-SW.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   5.7ha.
Total:   5.7ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Number of ditches not determined excatly, but now buried features. Possibly three.

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Colt Hoare, R.C. 1819. The ancient history of Wiltshire, II, 13-14.

Crutchley S., Small F. and Bowden M. 2009. Savernake Forest: a report for the National Mapping Programme, Centre for Archaeology Report No 29-2009.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 83, 267.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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