Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0416 Fosbury Camp, Wiltshire (Haydon Hill Castle; Knoll Ditches; Knolls Down)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI431956 (None)

NMR:  SU 35 NW 3 (228452)

SM:  1005682

NGR:  SU31955650

X:  431946  Y:  156527  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, univallate, partial contour hillfort, oval in plan, sited on S side of prominent downland ridge of Haydown Hill, with commanding views in all directions. Measures 430m by 330m, with interior area 10.5ha. Massive rampart, ditch and counterscarp, with interior quarry ditch on all S side. Fine inturned E entrance with four other indeterminate entrances. Surface evidence of hollows in interior, 1m to 4m in diameter and up to 0.5m deep, suggesting possible pits and or hut platforms as mapped by Ordnance Survey, but the geophysical survey showed little evidence apart from a few pits (Payne et al 2006). Fieldwork by Nichol 2001 found burnt flint, water worn pebble (perhaps slingstone), sherd of pottery of fine sandy fabric. Iron Age sherds found by Grinsell and Meyrick. Notable Celtic fields in vicinity and well-developed block of prehistoric fields, best on E and S slopes of hill, with lynchets seemingly overlain by hillfort counterscarp, so possibly pre-dating it. Site ploughed in past, but now permanent pasture. N ramparts wooded. On Ist Ed. OS map (1880).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -171778  Y:  6675764  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.5431074601212689  Latitude:  51.30691533488524  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Tidcombe and Fosbury

Monument Condition

On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Site ploughed in past, but now permanent pasture. N ramparts wooded.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Large, bivallate, partial contour hillfort, oval in plan, sited on S side of prominent downland ridge of Haydown HIll, with commanding views in all directions.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Downland hillslope fort facing south-east on Haydown Hill, very steeply sloping to the south-west and steeply sloping to the south-east.

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✓
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Prominent dowland ridge.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  254.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Dating conjecture and no real evidence of date - Iron Age sherds found.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Iron Age sherds.

Investigation History

On Ist Ed. OS map (1880). Geophysical survey as part of Wessex Hillfort Project 1996. Fieldwork and report by M. Nichol during 2001 gives the history of the site.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1880):   OS map.
Geophysical Survey (1996):   Wessex Hillforts Project.
Other (2001):   Fieldwork and report by M. Nichol.

Interior Features

Quarry hollows along S side interior. Surface evidence of hollows in interior, 1m to 4m in diameter and up to 0.5m deep, possible pits and or hut platforms,as mapped by Ordnance Survey, but the geophysical survey showed little evidence apart from a few pits. Iron Age sherds, burnt flint, water-worn pebble (perhaps slingstone), sherd of pottery of fine sandy fabric.

Water Source

Pond at E extremity of hillfort.

Source:
None   ✗
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✓
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Quarry hollows along S side interior. Surface evidence of hollows in interior, 1m to 4m in diameter and up to 0.5m deep, suggesting possible pits and or hut platforms as mapped by Ordnance Survey, but the geophysical survey showed little evidence apart from a few pits.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✓
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Surface evidence of hollows in interior, 1m to 4m in diameter and up to 0.5m deep, suggesting possible pits and or hut platforms as mapped by Ordnance Survey, but the geophysical survey showed little evidence apart from a few pits.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Iron Age sherds, burnt flint, water-worn pebble (perhaps slingstone), sherd of pottery of fine sandy fabric.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

One fine definite original inturned entrance on E. Other four gaps indeterminate.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
5:   Four gaps indeterminate, with three possible modern gaps on N and W, but that on NW may be original, but much disturbed.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   One definite original entrance on E. That to S with staggered entrance passage formed by offset rampart terminals

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. In-turned (East):   Original with well-developed inturns.
2. Oblique (South):   Possibly original staggered entrance formed by offset rampart terminals.
3. Passage-way/Corridor (North west):   Possible only.

Enclosing Works

Massive rampart, ditch and counterscarp with interior quarry ditch on all sides.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   10.5ha.
Total:   10.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Substantial counterscarp bank, sometimes interpreted, wrongly, as second rampart.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✓   Possible evidence. Rampart constructed in short, straight lengths, with marked changes of alignment (Payne at al 2006, 112).

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Colt Hoare, R.C. 1812. The ancient history of Wiltshire, 1, London: Miller, 250.

Nichol, M. 2001. An archaeological study of Fosbury hillfort, Accession Register: Devises Museum.

Payne, A., Corney, M. and Cunliffe, B. 2006. The Wessex Hillforts Project. Extensive survey of hillfort interiors in Cenral Southern England, London: English Heritage, 107-10.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 113, 270.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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