Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0418 Kenwalch's Castle, Wiltshire (Castle Wood)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI103 (None)

NMR:  ST 73 SW 6 (202653)

SM:  1008257

NGR:  ST74773354

X:  374777  Y:  133542  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate, sub-rectangular, contour fort located at the N end of a ridge in the hills of the Somerset/Wiltshire border, enclosing 1.6ha. The, drawing to a point on N, a plan determined by the natural contours and consisting of a bank and external ditch or terrace. Most massive on S against rising ground, with bank up to 2m high and the outside ditch 2m deep. On N tip bank is 0.5m high with ditch 2m deep. The W and E sides make use of natural slopes forming a drop of 2m-3m from bank 0.5m high to ditch 0.5m deep. Along much of steep W side ditch is broad terrace 3m-4m wide. Original entrances possibly in centre of N and S sides, with minor road enclosed by banks now running through. Present gaps wider than road, suggesting former broader trackway along the ridge. Second gap on NNW adjacent to that through which the road runs, possibly the original entrance gap. An entrance in SW corner of the fort unlikely to be original and probably relating to track at some points running along slight terrace inside ramparts. Also small gap in the bank on SE. Suggested that SE side originally cross-ridge dyke. No internal features. Wooded and damaged. On Ist Ed. OS map (1887).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -262896  Y:  6639102  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.361631206957383  Latitude:  51.10056376092296  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire; Somerset

Historic County:  Wiltshire; Somerset

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Stourton with Gasper; Charlton Musgrove

Monument Condition

Minor road runs through site entrances.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Wooded site. Road.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate, sub-rectangular, contour fort located at the N end of a ridge in the hills of the Somerset/Wiltshire border

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✓
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Ridge

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  242.0m

Boundary

Boundary Type:  County


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On Ist Ed. OS map (1887). RCHME measured survey: South Wiltshire Project, ref. no. 831573.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1887):   OS map.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.
Earthwork Survey (None):   RCHME measured survey: South Wiltshire.

Interior Features

None.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Original entrances possibly in centre of N and S sides, with minor road enclosed by banks now running through. Present gaps wider than road, suggesting former broader trackway along the ridge. Second gap on NNW adjacent to that through which the road runs, possibly the original entrance gap. An entrance in SW corner of the fort unlikely to be original and probably relating to track at some points running along slight terrace inside ramparts. Also small gap in the bank on SE. At N end both sets of bank and ditch terminals appear rounded and undamaged.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
5:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North):   Minor road runs through gap.
2. Simple Gap (South):   Minor road runs through gap.
3. Simple Gap (North west):   Second gap on NNW adjacent to that through which the road runs, possibly the original entrance gap.

Enclosing Works

The, drawing to a point on N, a plan determined by the natural contours and consisting of a bank and external ditch or terrace. Most massive on S against rising ground, with bank up to 2m high and the outside ditch 2m deep. On N tip bank is 0.5m high with ditch 2m deep. The W and E sides make use of natural slopes forming a drop of 2m-3m from bank 0.5m high to ditch 0.5m deep. Along much of steep W side ditch is broad terrace 3m-4m wide.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.6ha.
Total:   1.6ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Along much of steep W side ditch is broad terrace 3m-4m wide.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   External ditch now terrace in places.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Burrow, E.J. 1924. Ancient earthworks and camps of Somerset, Cheltenham: E.J. Burrow, 112-113.

Burrow, I. 1981. Hillforts and hilltop settlement in Somerset, 239.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 210.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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