Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0422 Cley Hill Camp, Wiltshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI1230 (None)

NMR:  ST 84 SW 1 (207638)

SM:  1017296

NGR:  ST83884489

X:  383887  Y:  144895  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate contour hillfort occupying a steep sided outlier of Middle and Upper Chalk, c. 3km W of W edge of Salisbury Plain. Defences complex and much disturbed and lost through quarrying, slumping and ploughing. Internal area 6.9ha. Rampart survives now as external facing bank 2.5m high best-preserved on W side. Here separated from a counterscarp by a berm 5m-10m wide. On this berm traces of original ditch. SW section has been quarried away by large chalk quarry cutting into hillside destroying rampart. No obvious original entrance, but possible entrance gap 10m wide visible in denuded rampart on E side. Internal quarry scoop immediately within hillfort interior. Post medieval boundary bank c. 1m wide and 0.5m high, aligned roughly NE-SW in interior. To the SE of hillfort, 50m downslope, two medieval strip lynchets damaged by quarrying. Suggested that they may be re-using an earlier, pre-existing, boundary which formed a hillfort annexe. Aerial Photographs taken 1975-7 suggest that the possible annexe interior, between hillfort and these strip lynchets, contains many house platforms and pits. Flat-topped bowl barrow on summit and another to SSE excavated by W. Cunnington Sen. in early 19th century. Probably Iron Age based on morphology. On Ist Ed. OS map (1887).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✓

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -248469  Y:  6657278  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.232035242250795  Latitude:  51.202981233769975  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Corsley

Monument Condition

SW section has been quarried away by large chalk quarry cutting into hillside destroying rampart. Elsewhere ramparts denuded and interior ploughed in past. SSSI. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

Cultivated interior in past. Quarry.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate contour hillfort occupying a steep sided outlier of Middle and Upper Chalk c. 3km W of the W edge of Salisbury Plain.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Outlier of Middle and Upper Chalk.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  240.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Probably Iron Age based on morphology. Two round barrows in the interior.

Reliability:  C - Low

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   Estimated.

Investigation History

In Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica (1665-1693). On Ist Ed. OS map (1887). Bowl barrow on summit and another to SSE part excavated by Colt Hoare and Cunnington in early 19th century finding traces of wheat and burnt bone. Measured survey RCHME South Wiltshire Project, ref. no. 831573. LiDAR (Citizen Science, no details)

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1887):   OS map.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica.
Earthwork Survey (None):   Measured survey RCHME South Wiltshire Project.
Excavation (None):   Bowl barrow on summit and another to SSE part excavated by W. Cunnington Sen.
LiDAR Survey (None):   Citizen Science

Interior Features

Aerial Photographs taken 1975-7 suggest that the possible annexe interior, between hillfort and strip lynchets to SE, contains many house platforms and pits. Internal quarry scoop immediately within hillfort interior.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Internal quarry scoop immediately within hillfort interior.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Aerial Photographs taken 1975-7 suggest that the possible annexe interior, between hillfort and strip lynchets to SE, contains many house platforms and pits.

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✓
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

No obvious original entrance, but SW section has been quarried away by large chalk quarry cutting into hillside destroying rampart, however possible entrance gap 10m wide visible in denuded rampart on E side.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   Possible entrance gap 10m wide.

Enclosing Works

Rampart survives now as external facing bank 2.5m high best preserved on W side. Here separated from a counterscarp by a berm 5m-10m wide. On this berm traces of original ditch. SW section has been quarried away by large chalk quarry cutting into hillside destroying rampart.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   6.9ha.
Total:   6.9ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   SW side lost to quarrying.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✓
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   On berm traces of original ditch.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✓   To the SE of hillfort, 50m downslope, two medieval strip lynchets damaged by quarrying. Suggested that they may be re-using an earlier, pre-existing, boundary which formed a hillfort annexe. Aerial Photographs taken 1975-7 suggest that the possible annexe interior, between hillfort and these strip lynchets, contains many house platforms and pits.

References

Colt Hoare, R.C. 1812. The ancient history of Wiltshire, I, London: Miller, 51.

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. eds 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, Oxford: OUP, 26.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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