Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0427 Ebsbury Hill, Wiltshire (Grovely Earthworks)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Wiltshire and Swindon MWI3686 (None)

NMR:  SU 03 NE 5 (214402)

SM:  1005604

NGR:  SU06163538

X:  406160  Y:  135380  (OSGB36)

Summary

Remains of possible large hillslope fort amid complex of enclosed settlement and field system and Romano-British enclosed settlement, occupy hilltop on NE spur of downland opposite Grovely Castle hillfort (Atlas No 0392). Partial oval hillfort measures 700m by 400m, with enclosed area c. 28ha estimated. In interior field system complex with two associated oval enclosures and one triangular enclosure containing two shallow scoops, probably settlement nucleus. Main bank strengthened by two multiple banks in the N and E, overlying internal field system. Parts of outer ramparts seen as cropmarks to SE of complex. The field system, extending around and beyond hiiltop visible as earthworks immediately around hillfort, but beyond is cropmark only. Parts of system, in particular lynchets on steeper slopes, may be medieval and/or post medieval adaptation. Associated with field system is possible Romano-British settlement outside E end of fort, comprising low banks. Possible house platforms and trackways, of uncertain date, incorporated into field system at NW side of fort. Neolithic perforated mace-head, two Roman coins hoards of AD 337 and AD 408, with part glass vessel, and six silver rings found buried in two earthenware pots in 1906 ramparts on NW brow of hill. The site is very difficult to determine. Interior wooded, part of outer rampart visible as cropmarks. On Ist Ed. OS map (1885-1900).

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Unconfirmed

Location

X:  -212997  Y:  6642126  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.9133881199254354  Latitude:  51.11761866392185  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Wiltshire

Historic County:  Wiltshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Barford St Martin; Barford St Martin; Steeple Langford

Monument Condition

Part of outer rampart visible as cropmarks.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Interior wooded.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Remains of possible hillslope fort amid complex of enclosed settlement and field system and Romano-British enclosed settlement, occupy hilltop on NE spur of downland opposite Grovely Castle hillfort.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Downland spur

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  160.0m

Boundary

Three parishes on site.

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

No dating evidence for possible hillfort, Romano-British settlement and finds associated.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Neolithic perforated mace-head.
Post Hillfort:   Possible. Roman coin evidence. Parts of system, in particular lynchets on steeper slopes, may be medieval and/or post medieval adaptation.

Evidence:
Artefactual:   None

Investigation History

On Ist Ed. OS map (1885-1900). Measured survey RCHME in 1980's. Whole complex extensively recorded on aerial photographs - 2001 EH Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project; 2005-2006 EH Aerial Reconnaisance (south).

Investigations:
Other (2001):   EH Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project;
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS map.
Other (None):   RCHME measured survey.
Other (None):   EH Aerial Reconnaisance (south).

Interior Features

Field system in interior. Possible house platforms and trackways, of uncertain date, incorporated into field system at NW side of fort. Neolithic perforated mace-head, two Roman coins hoards of AD 337 and AD 408, with part glass vessel, and six silver rings were found buried in two earthenware pots, in 1906 by S.W. Doughty while digging for stones on the line of the ramparts on NW brow of hill. Some in British Museum. Extensive aerial reconnaisance surveys by English Heritage.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

Field system in interior. Possible house platforms and trackways, of uncertain date, incorporated into field system at NW side of fort.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Chance finds. Neolithic perforated mace-head, two Roman coins hoards of AD 337 and AD 408, with part glass vessel, and six silver rings were found buried in two earthenware pots, in 1906 by S.W. Doughty while digging for stones on the line of the ramparts on NW brow of hill. Some in British Museum.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Extensive aerial reconnaisance surveys by English Heritage.

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

The site is very difficult to explain and no entrances defined.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   Gaps not determined.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Possible entrances not determined.

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Partial oval hillfort measures 700m by 400m. Main bank strengthened by two multiple banks in the N and E, overlying internal field system. Parts of outer ramparts seen as cropmarks to SE of complex, possibly three ditches.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   28.0ha.
Total:   28.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   Area estimated.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Possible three ditches.

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Pugh, R.B. and Crittall, E. 1957. A history of Wiltshire, 1.1, The Victoria history of the counties of England, 36, 74, 262, 266.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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