Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0505 The Old Hag, Northumberland

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Northumberland 3242 (None)

NMR:  NU 01 SE 13 (5266)

SM:  1011094

NGR:  NU 0522 1045

X:  405220  Y:  610450  (OSGB36)

Summary

On low lying ground 550m to the NW of Castle Hill Callaly (Atlas No. 0504), a multivallate hillfort with an enclosed area of approximately 0.19ha. The small, roughly oval enclosure measures 60m by 40m and lies on relatively level ground at 95m OD, falling eastwards towards the Callaly Burn in the E and SE, with higher ground in the W. The enclosed area is surrounded by scarped banks 1.2m high and 5m wide with traces of a further inner bank in the E. Twenty-five metres to the S of the enclosure are outer works which run concentrically to the enclosure and comprise a bank 5m wide and 0.1m high which merges into the sloping ground towards the Callaly Burn. Beyond this is a ditch 10m wide by 2m deep, outside of which is a further bank 5m wide by 0.5m high. A simple gap entrance 10m wide lies in the E. A further gap in the W is probably not contemporary with the construction of the ramparts. The interior has been disturbed by old tree planting and no internal features are known. It survives in poor condition and was recorded as nearly destroyed by MacLauchlan in 1864. The site is recorded on 1856-65 OS mapping and was scheduled in 1949. It has seen no further investigation and is undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -213638  Y:  7437540  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -1.9191449114399624  Latitude:  55.38801791291319  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Northumberland

Historic County:  Northumberland

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Callaly

Monument Condition

In poor condition

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A partial contour fort occupying relatively level ground at 95m OD

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✓
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Low lying ground

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  95.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Undated, presumed Iron Age

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Morphology/Earthwork/Typology:   None

Investigation History

The site was visited in MacLauchlan 1864; recorded on 1856-65 OS mapping and scheduled in 1949. Field investigations in 1957 and 1970

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1864):   MacLauchlan
Other (1949):   Scheduled
Other (1957):   Field investigation
Other (1970):   Field investigation
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS

Interior Features

Interior damaged by tree planting and no internal features are known

Water Source

Borders Callaly burn in the E

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Simple gap entrance 10m wide in the E. A further gap in the W is probably not original

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Small, roughly oval enclosure 60m by 40m. Enclosed area surrounded by scarped banks 1.2m high and 5m wide with traces of a further inner bank in the E. Twenty-five metres to the S of the enclosure are outer works comprising a bank 5m wide and 0.1m high which merges into the sloping ground towards the Callaly Burn. Beyond this is a ditch 10m wide by 2m deep, outside of which is a further bank 5m wide by 0.5m high, possibly a counterscarp.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.19ha.
Total:   0.19ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Only oval enclosure has a complete circuit, outworks lie concentrically in the S.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditch in the S

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Hogg, A.H.A., 1946-50. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle (4th Series) 11, 165.

MacLauchlan, H., 1864. Memoir written during a survey of the eastern branch of the Watling Street (London), 54.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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