Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0599 Caer Bran, Cornwall (Caerbran Castle; Hill Castle)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO35 (16048)

NMR:  SW 42 NW 6 (422255)

SM:  1006717

NGR:  SW40752903

X:  140750  Y:  29030  (OSGB36)

Summary

Bivallate, circular, contour hillfort situated on summit of prominent hill Caer Bran, Sancreed. Moderate to steep slopes surround site, steeper to N. Outer dimensions 120m by 130m; inner 60m diameter, encloses c. 0.5ha. Possible phased construction. Inner circuit formed by rampart and ditch and outer by rampart, outer ditch and counterscarp bank. Ramparts survive differentially; inner rampart and ditch much slighter than outer, the rampart of which up to 4.6m high and ditch 2m deep. Outer survives best to N. Inner rampart robbed of stone and part gone. Slight NW counterscarp. Possible NW entrance. Modern field boundary crosses site with prospecting pit damage. Within interior low rubble walls of, at least, two stone hut circles. Best preserved in centre, measuring c. 16m diameter. This hut circle and fort bisected by later track, and much of interior of site damaged by numerous pits and spoil heaps associated with mineral prospecting and extraction from medieval period onwards. Has also been referred to as a 'defended enclosure'. Moorland site. On 1st Ed. OS map (1876-78). Assessment Cornwall CC. 1997. Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -626401  Y:  6464405  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.627055733333003  Latitude:  50.10457018304787  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Sancreed

Monument Condition

Inner ramparts robbed of stone and part gone. Field boundary crosses site and numerous pits and spoil heaps associated with mineral prospecting and extraction from medieval period onwards.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Dense moorland vegetation. Spoil heaps.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Bivallate, circular, contour hillfort situated on summit of prominent Caer Bran hill, Sancreed.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Located on the summit of Brane Hill

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Prominent hill.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  195.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Possible Bronze Age connotations - no details.
Post Hillfort:   Mineral prospecting and extraction from medieval period onwards.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Sketch by Borlase 1769. Survey. On 1st Ed. OS map (1876-78). Survey 1908 - no details. Aerial assessment for management plan to Penwith District Council, Cornwall CC 1997.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1769):   Borlase sketch..
Other (1908):   No details.
Other (1997):   Cornwall CC survey.
Other (2006):   Visited by Hillfort Study Group
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS map.

Interior Features

Low rubble walls of at least two stone hut circles.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Low rubble walls of at least two stone hut circles.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✓
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Aerial assessment for management Plan - Penwith District Council 1997.

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Possible NW entrance.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Inner circuit formed by rampart and ditch and outer by rampart, outer ditch and counterscarp bank. The defences survive differentially; inner rampart and ditch are much slighter in construction than outer, the rampart of which is up to 4.6m high and ditch 2m deep. Outer defences survive best to the N. Inner rampart robbed of stone and part gone. Slight NW counterscarp.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Possible phased construction.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Slight NW counterscarp.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Lawson Jones, A. and Herring, P.1997. Report to Penwith District Council: Caer Bran, an Archaeological Assessment, Unpublished assessment and evaluation report, Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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