Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0602 Ashbury Camp, Cornwall (Ash Bury (Camp); Ashbury)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO21 (2051)

NMR:  SX 29 NW 6 (436509)

SM:  1010423

NGR:  SX 2278 9746

X:  222800  Y:  97491  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate partial contour fort located on an isolated low hill with steep surrounding slopes except ridge on SE, and drops to upper tributaries of River Neet flowing towards Bude Bay 5km to the NW. Lies on Carboniferous Culm Measures, just beyond NW edge of low plateau between Rivers Ottery and Tamar, at junction with more deeply dissected coastal belt. Footprint c. 210m by 150m, with area c. 4.12ha, and featureless interior measures 182m WNW-ESE by 125m NNE-SSW, enclosing c. 2.27ha. Massive earth and rubble irregular rampart 8m wide and 3m high above outer ground level despite soil creep, with outer ditch to 10m wide and 1m deep, best preserved NW and SE ends. In NE and NW quadrants counterscarp bank to maximum 5m wide and 1.5m high. Entrance breaks occur in enclosure rampart and ditch circuit at NW end, c.5m wide, and SE end, c. 10m wide. Approach along ridge to SE crossed transversely by two, and possibly three, outworks similar to a promontory fort. One near to hillfort and centred 175m from SE entrance along the spur slope, comprises single rampart c. 8m wide, rising to maximum 1.5m high, running NE-SW in slight curve across the spur. Another outwork also includes a rampart on same axis, but centred 205m from the hillfort's SE entrance; this rampart is c. 8m wide and rises to maximum of 3m high. Broad outer ditch visible, c. 8m wide and 1.5m deep, extended at SW end by recent drainage cut. Both outworks cut by modern farm-track running NW from Ashbury Farm. Just outside entrance are faint indications of possible third outwork. Good preservation and prominent position resulted in mention and description in antiquarian records since early 19th century. Trees on ramparts, pasture interior, general good condition. On 1st Ed. OS map (1884). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -502424  Y:  6577163  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.513352617943887  Latitude:  50.74984543779416  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Week St Mary; Jacobstow

Monument Condition

General good preservation, but SE entrance mutilated by quarrying. Both outworks cut by modern farm-track running NW from Ashbury Farm.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Trees on ramparts. Interior pasture. Farm track and quarrying.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate partial contour fort located on isolated low hill with steep surrounding slopes except ridge on SE and drops to upper tributaries of River Neet flowing towards Bude Bay 5km to NW.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Low hill.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  134.0m

Boundary

Parish boundary 25m to W

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1884). Mention and description in antiquarian records since early 19th century.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1884):   OS map
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   Mention and description in antiquarian records since early 19th century.

Interior Features

None

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Entrance breaks occur in enclosure rampart and ditch circuit at NW end, c. 5m wide, and SE end, c.10m wide, where out-turned.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   NW and SE possible original entrances.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Out-turned (South east):   None
2. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Massive earth and rubble irregular rampart 8m wide and 3m high above outer ground level despite soil creep, with outer ditch to 10m wide and to 1m deep, best preserved around NW and SE ends. In NE and NW quadrants counterscarp bank survives to maximum 5m wide and 1.5m high. Entrance breaks occur in enclosure rampart and ditch circuit at the NW end, c. 5m wide, and SE end, c. 10m wide. Approach along ridge to SE crossed transversely by two, and possibly three, outworks similar to a cliff castle. One near to hillfort and centred 175m from SE entrance along the spur slope, comprises single rampart c. 8m wide, rising to maximum 1.5m high, running NE-SW in slight curve across the spur. Another outwork also includes a rampart on the same axis, but centred 205m from the hillfort's SE entrance; this rampart is c. 8m wide and rises to maximum of 3m high. Broad outer ditch visible, c. 8m wide and 1.5m deep, extended at SW end by recent drainage cut. Both outworks cut by modern farm-track running NW from Ashbury Farm.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.27ha.
Total:   2.27ha.

Total Footprint Area:  4.12ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Massive earth and rubble rampart. In NE and NW quadrants counterscarp bank to maximum 5m wide and 1.5m high.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Henderson, C. 1925. East Cornwall Book, Unpublished manuscript at Royal Institution of Cornwall, 509.

Henderson, C. 1930. Parochial Antiquities of East Cornwall, Unpublished manuscript at Royal Institution of Cornwall, 590.

Lysons, D. and Lysons, S. 1814. Magna Britannia. Vol 3, Cornwall.

Polsue, J. ed. 1867-72, Lake's Parochial History of Cornwall.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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