Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0610 Carnsew, Cornwall

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO40 (31934)

NMR:  SW 53 NE 15 (424685)

SM:  1006720

NGR:  SW55643713

X:  155640  Y:  37130  (OSGB36)

Summary

Formerly thought of as a promontory fort, but little now survives to define site and probably small hillslope fort located on slight W-facing lower spur slope near Hayle Estuary, with natural slopes to N and E sides, encloses 0.2ha. Seemingly constructed to overlook the Hayle estuary and prehistoric trackway S of it. Possibly two ramparts, outer surmounting a 16m high cliff. Main rampart only visible in places to N where substantial, with possible annexe. Farming and railway cutting removed nearly all traces of a W rampart, but this may be visible as a change of slope. No evidence for a ditch. Remaining ramparts were walled up and paths cut along them by Henry Harvey in the construction of a park in 1845. Entrance on NW with an enclosure to the E of it and a track leading from it to the shore, but this may possibly be modern. Granite grave slab of about 400 AD was found in 1843. Much mutilated. On 1st Ed OS map (1879). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -603843  Y:  6478134  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.424414163206788  Latitude:  50.18360355184236  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Hayle

Monument Condition

Much mutilated by farm, railway and park construction. All of W side gone. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

Farm, railway and park construction.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✓
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✓
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Formerly thought of as a promontory fort (aka cliff castle), but little now survives to define site and probably small hillslope fort on slight W-facing lower spur slope, near Hayle Estuary with natural slopes defending the N and E sides.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Natural slopes defend the north and east side

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  W-facing slope of spur

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✓
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  17.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Farm, railway and park construction.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed OS map (1879). Field investigation Ordnance Survey 1962.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1879):   OS map
Other (1962):   Field investigation OS.

Interior Features

Granite grave slab of about 400 AD was found in 1843.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Granite grave slab of about 400 AD was found in 1843.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✓

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

No entrance visible.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Possible two ramparts, the outer surmounting a 16m high cliff. Main rampart only visible in places to N where substantial, with possible annexe. Farming and railway cutting removed nearly all traces of a W rampart, but this may be visible as a change of slope. Remaining ramparts were walled up and paths cut along them by Henry Harvey in the construction of the park in 1845. Entrance. No evidence for a ditch.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Total:   0.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Site much mutilated.

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None visible.

Number of Ditches:  0

Annex:
✓   Possible annexe, but mutilations so severe to make definition difficult.

References

Buck, C. and Smith, J. R. 1995. Hayle Town Survey, Unpublished report, Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council.

Cahill, N. 2000. Hayle Historical Assessment, Cornwall, Unpublished report, Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council.

Page, W. ed. 1906. The Victoria History of the County of Cornwall, 1, London: James Street, 468.

Thomas, JI. 1947. Studies in Cornish Archaeology, 62-4.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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