Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0640 Bosigran Castle, Cornwall

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO6532 (30695)

NMR:  SW 43 NW 6 (423566)

SM:  1003106

NGR:  SW 4160 3695

X:  141600  Y:  36950  (OSGB36)

Summary

Irregularly shaped promontory fort situated on rocky granite NNW-facing headland between Halldrine and Porthmoina Coves, Zennor. Steep natural sea cliffs on all sides except landward SE quadrant, where sited crude, dilapidated, dry-stone-faced rampart, up to 103m long and 2m high, which retains on W a granite rubble-built bank c. 4m wide and 1.2m high, follows upper edge of escarpment cliff to cliff, enclosing 0.8ha. S part of retaining wall possibly modern. No visible traces of outer ditch. No traces of internal occupation in boulder strewn and bare rock interior. To S central entrance small gap in rubble bank possibly original entrance and now blocked. Stile (listed Grade II) stands within monument. Coastal grassland with large area of boulders and bare rock. On 1st Ed. OS map (1887-88). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -625678  Y:  6476817  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.620561883111019  Latitude:  50.17602906192812  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Zennor; Morvah

Monument Condition

The dilapidated nature of the wall suggest higher in prehistory. Stile (listed Grade II) stands within monument. The S part of the retaining wall may be modern. National Trust site. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Coastal grassland with large area of boulders and bare rock. Stile (listed Grade II).

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Irregularly shaped promontory fort (aka cliff castle) situated on a rocky NW-facing headland between Halldrine and Porthmoina Coves, Zennor. Steep natural sea cliffs on all sides except landward SE quadrant, Steep natural sea cliffs on all sides except landward SE quadrant.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Headland site above the sea

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Rocky coastal headland.

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  102.0m

Boundary

On parish boundary with Morvah

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Possible. Associated Bronze Age field system.
Post Hillfort:   Stile (listed Grade II) stands within monument.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Recorded as 'The Castle' on 1842 Tithe map. On 1st Ed. OS map (1887-88). Field investigation Ordnance Survey 1961, 1975. West Penwith Survey, Cornwall County Council 1971. Surveyed by CCRA 1982.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1842):   Recorded as 'The Castle' on 1842 Tithe map.
Other (1971):   West Penwith Survey, Cornwall County Council.
Other (1982):   Surveyed by CCRA 1982.
Other (None):   OS map
Other (None):   Field investigation OS.

Interior Features

None.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

To S central entrance small gap in rubble bank possibly original entrance and now blocked.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Blocked (South):   Whether blocked in prehistory or probably later uncertain.

Enclosing Works

Steep natural sea cliffs on all sides except landward SE quadrant, where sited crude drystone-faced rampart, up to 103m long and 2m high, which retains on W a granite rubble-built bank c. 4m wide and 1.2m high, follows upper edge of escarpment cliff to cliff. The S part of the retaining wall may be modern.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.8ha.
Total:   0.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Crude external dry-stone-faced rampart.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   No traces of outer dtch.

Number of Ditches:  0

Annex:
✗   None

References

Cotton, M.A. 1958-9. Cornish cliff castles, Proc W Cornwall Fld Club, 2,1, 120.

Guthrie, A. 1959-60. Bosigran Cliff Castle, Proc W Cornwall Fld Club, 2, 178.

Herring, P.C. 1987. National Trust archaeological survey of Bosigran, Cornwall, Archaeological Unit Report, Truro.

Page, W. ed. 1906. The Victoria History of the County of Cornwall, 1, London: James Street, 460.

Pool, P.A.S. and Weatherhill, C. 1979. Report to the National Trust on Iron Age sites at Bosigran Farm.

Russell, V. 1971. West Penwith Survey, Unpublished report Cornwall County Council, 39.

Weatherhill, C. 1981. Belerion ancient sites of Land's End, 36-7.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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