Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0641 Chynhalls Point, Cornwall (Chynhalls; Chynalls)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

Scroll left/right to view further images.

HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO6538 (13018)

NMR:  SW 71 NE 22 (426482)

SM:  1003103

NGR:  SW785174

X:  178594  Y:  17423  (OSGB36)

Summary

Promontory fort sited on rocky coastal headland of Chynhalls Point separating Coverack Bay to NE and Porthbeer Bay to SW. Irregularly-shaped, defined by steep sea cliffs on all sides except landward NW where two earth and stone banks, with intermediate ditch, cross narrowest neck of headland enclosing 1.5ha. Outer bank deteriorates to the S to 1m high and inner, with partial stone revetment, up to 2.6m high. Original entrance probably at centre of ramparts. Linear interior bank mapped by NMP. During WWII reinforced concrete pillbox manned by Home Guard erected at Chynhalls Point. Rocky gorse and heather interior. Coastal erosion. On 1st Ed. OS map (1879). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -566836  Y:  6448987  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.091971144142628  Latitude:  50.01565032620104  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  St Keverne

Monument Condition

Coastal erosion of gorse and heather interior. During WWII reinforced concrete pillbox manned by Home Guard erected at Chynhalls Point.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Rocky gorse and heather interior. WWII pillbox.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Promontory fort (aka cliff castle) sited on rocky SE-facing coastal headland of Chynhalls Point separating Coverack Bay to NE and Porthbeer Bay to SW.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Coastal headland site with sea cliffs

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Rocky coastal headland.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  30.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   During WWII reinforced concrete pillbox manned by Home Guard erected at Chynalls Point.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

On 1st Ed. OS map (1879). First recorded by R. Thomas in 19th century. Field investigation Ordnance Survey 1973. Mapped by NMP - no date.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1879):   OS map.
Other (1973):   Field investigation OS.
1st Identified Written Reference (None):   First recorded by R. Thomas.
Other (None):   Mapped by NMP.

Interior Features

Linear bank in interior mapped by NMP.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Linear bank in interior mapped by NMP.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Original entrance probably at centre of ramparts.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

Irregularly-shaped defined by steep sea cliffs on all sides except the landward NW where two earth and stone banks, with intermediate ditch, cross narrowest neck of headland. Outer bank deteriorates to the S to 1m high and inner, with partial stone revetment, up to 2.6m high.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.5ha.
Total:   1.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Earth and stone banks. Partial stone revetment to outer bank.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Intermediate ditch.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Cotton, M.A. 1959. Cornish cliff castles, Proc W Cornwall Fld Club, 2, 119.

Dowson, E. 1968. St. Keverne parish checklist, Corn Arch, 7, 102.

Johnson, N. and Rose, P. 1982. Defended settlement in Cornwall - an illustrated discussion, In ed. D. Miles, The Romano-British countryside: Studies in rural settlement and economy, BAR Brit Ser 103, 151-207.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1