Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0645 Lankidden, Cornwall (Carrack; Carrick Luz Fort; The Castle; Arrowan)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cornwall and Scilly MCO6555 (13017)

NMR:  SW 71 NE 16 (426464)

SM:  1004328

NGR:  SW 7556 1651

X:  175561  Y:  16513  (OSGB36)

Summary

Univallate promontory fort sited on coastal headland of Linkidden, jutting S into Atlantic, which terminates to S in the rocks of Carrick Luz. Steep sea cliffs to E, S, W. Single earth and stone bank c. 100m long and up to 4.0m high with largely filled outer ditch c. 0.5m deep cuts off the landward N side of headland to form irregular enclosure culminating today in the Carrick Luz rocks, possibly joined to mainland and part of site in prehistory, enclosing 2.8ha. On E, rampart ends on edge of steep cliffs and affected by erosion, and on W terminal entirely lost to sea. Some doubt as to whether the track that passes through bank and into interior original. Gorse covered rampart, but good coastal grassland in interior, though site much affected by sea cliff erosion. On 1st Ed. OS map (1878-79). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -571482  Y:  6447374  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.1337102067891465  Latitude:  50.00634299276194  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cornwall

Historic County:  Cornwall

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  St Keverne

Monument Condition

Good condition coastal grassland with rampart gorse covered, but sea cliff erosion and W terminal of rampart lost.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

Coastal, grassland with some scrub and bare rock.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Univallate promontory fort (aka cliff castle) situated on coastal headland of Linkidden, jutting S into Atlantic, and which terminates to S in the rocks of Carrick Luz. Steep sea cliffs to E, S, W.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Coastal headland and sea cliffs

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Coastal headland

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  50.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

None.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First described by R. Thomas in newspaper 1851. On 1st Ed. OS map (1878-79). Field investigation Ordnance Survey 1973. Mapped by NMP - no date.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1851):   First described by R. Thomas in newspaper.
Other (1973):   Field investigation OS.
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   OS map.
Other (None):   Mapped by NMP.

Interior Features

Linear earth and stone bank plotted by NMP in interior.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Linear earth and stone bank plotted by NMP in interior.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Some doubt as to whether the track that passes through the bank and into the interior of the site is original.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Modern track passes through gap in bank.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   Uncertain.

Enclosing Works

Single earth and stone bank c. 100m long and up to 4.0m high with largely filled outer ditch c. 0.5m deep cuts off the landward N side of headland to form an irregular enclosure culminating today in the Carrick Luz rocks, possibly joined to mainland and part of the site in prehistory. On E rampart ends on edge of the steep cliffs and affected by erosion, and on W terminal entirely lost to sea.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   2.8ha.
Total:   2.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Earth and stone bank.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditch largely filled.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Cotton, M.A. 1958-9. Cornish Cliff Castles, Proc West Cornwall Fld Club, 2, 3, 119.

Dowson, E. 1968. St Keverne parish check list, Cornish Archaeol, 7, 101-6.

Page, W. ed. 1906. The Victoria History of the County of Cornwall, 1, London: James Street, 453, 460.

Thomas, R. 1851. Letters to the West Briton, At CSL, Redruth, No 35.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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