Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN0752 Uley Bury Camp, Gloucestershire (Uleybury; Uley Bury)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Gloucestershire 261 (None)

NMR:  ST 79 NE 15 (205226)

SM:  1004866

NGR:  ST785989

X:  378500  Y:  198900  (OSGB36)

Summary

Large, unusual, multivallate partial contour hillfort located on a SE-facing above the valley of the River Ewelme to the S. Very steep slopes on all sides, with very narrow neck of land (col) to N connecting with the main mass of the Cotswold scarp. Measures 600 by 200m internally, encloses 16ha. Generally flat interior with unusual long sub-rectangular shape. Bivallate on all sides and downslope scarping or terracing provide extra defence. On part of SW side possible third rampart. Defences possibly constructed likely by terracing the already steep natural slopes as no inner facing scarp adjoining interior and only small bank adjoining a berm at foot of first rampart. Narrow berm with vestiges of counterscarp indicate the extent of second rampart. N, E and S entrances at corners, with hollow ways to S and E. Finds from excavations at E entrance 1976 prior to pipeline laying included Iron Age pottery, a bronze ring-headed pin, pennanular brooch, two shale armulets and glass bead. During laying of pipe 'between the two entrances' Roman or sub-Roman crouched burial beneath two layers of limestone slabs, rubbish pit and two Iron Age currency bars; all indicating significant Iron Age and later presence (Savile and Ellison 1983). These, together with significant pre-hillfort Neolithic artefacts, suggest interest in site for millennia. C14 date. Much affected by ploughing, quarrying and works generally. On OS 1" map 1813.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -257419  Y:  6743978  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.3124379779821593  Latitude:  51.688394375098234  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Gloucestershire

Historic County:  Gloucestershire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Uley

Monument Condition

Once the finest hillfort in the Cotswolds, but much mutilated by quarrying, ploughing and works and in poor condition.

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

Quarrying.

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Large, unusual, sub-rectangular and bivallate partial contour hillfort located on a SE-facing above the valley of the River Ewelme to the S. Very steep slopes on all sides, with very narrow neck of land (col) to N connecting with the main mass of the Cotswold scarp.

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Located on steep natural slopes, the defences possibly scarped

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  215.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Finds from excavations 1976 prior to pipeline laying included Iron Age pottery, bronze ringheaded pin, pennanular brooch, two shale armulets and a glass bead. During laying of pipe 'between the two entrances' crouched burial beneath two layers of limestone slabs, rubbish pit and two Iron Age currency bars; all indicating a significant Iron Age presence and later Roman interest. C14 No. HAR 2289.

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   Various dateable finds.
C14:   Charcoal from layer 11, thick occupation debris (?redeposited) behind rampart near N entrance - No. HAR 2289.

Investigation History

On OS 1" map 1813. Small trial excavation A. Saville and A.B. Ellison 1976. Watching Brief, C. Parry, Archaeological Service Gloucestershire County Council 1993. Watching Brief D. Evans, Cotswold Archaeology 2004. RCHME survey, ref. no. 904022.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1813):   OS map.
Excavation (1976):   A. Saville and A.B. Ellison, Western Archaeological Trust.
Excavation (1993):   Watching Brief, C. Parry, Archaeological Service Gloucestershire County Council
Other (2004):   Watching Brief D. Evans, Cotswold Archaeology 2004.
Earthwork Survey (None):   None

Interior Features

Trial excavations at E entrance 1976, prior to the laying of pipeline through fort, found turf and timber entrance passage and Iron Age road metalling. During pip rubbish pit found. Uninscribed gold stater (In Gloucester City Museum). Roman quern (In Stroud Museum). Low relief bronze mask (In Corinium Museum). Trial excavations at E entrance, prior to pipeline through site, 1976 found Iron Age pottery, bronze ringheaded pin,pennanular brooch, two shale armulets and glass bead. During laying of pipe 'between the two entrances' crouched burial beneath two layers of limestone slabs, two Iron Age currency bars also found. Cheltenham Museum houses extensive collection of 2000+ flint artefacts (mainly from the Paine Collection) including arrowheads, scrapers, knapping debris and 11 fragments from polished implements.

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

Trial excavations at E entrance 1976, prior to the laying of pipeline through fort, found turf and timber entrance passage and Iron Age road metalling; into interior? Also a pit found.

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

Uninscribed gold stater (In Gloucester City Museum). Roman quern (In Stroud Museum). Low relief bronze mask (In Corinium Museum). Trial excavations at E entrance, prior to pipeline through site, 1976 found Iron Age pottery, bronze ringheaded pin, pennanular brooch, two shale armulets and glass bead. During laying of pipe 'between the two entrances' crouched burial beneath two layers of limestone slabs, two Iron Age currency bars also found. Cheltenham Museum houses extensiv collection of 2000+ flint artefacts (mainly from the Paine Collection) including arrowheads, scrapers, knapping debris and 11 fragments from polished implements.

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

N, E and S entrances at corners, with hollow ways to S and E. Main to N where the narrow neck of land joins the spur to main Cotswold mass. Here, access from N by way of a col, inturned ends of the banks with short hollow way lying obliquely across it. Outside N entrance formerly series of banks and ditches across the col noted in 19th century, but most gone, and surviving features natural. Smaller entrances to E and S cut through outer rampart only. Trial excavations at E entrance 1976, prior to the laying of pipeline through fort, found turf and timber entrance passage and Iron Age road metalling. Possible that another entrance gap in outer rampart at ST 78289888, but may be result of later working. At E corner overlapping bank ends associated with hollow-way, and at damaged S entrance another hollow-way, flanked on west by downward extension of bank, and by two partly artificial mounds. Roads shown on the OS 1" map 1830 passed through S and E entrances. and traversed the eastern terrace.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
4:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. In-turned (North):   Access from N by way of a col, inturned ends of the banks with short hollow-way lying obliquely across it.
1. Hollow Way (North):   Short hollow way lying obliquely across col.
2. Hollow Way (East):   None
3. Hollow Way (South):   None

Enclosing Works

Bivallate on all sides and downslope scarping or terracing provide extra defence. On part of SW side third rampart. Defences possibly constructed likely by terracing the already steep natural slopes as no inner facing scarp adjoining interior and only small bank adjoining a berm at foot of first rampart. Narrow berm with vestiges of counterscarp indicate the extent of second rampart.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   16.0ha.
Total:   16.0ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

Narrow berm with vestiges of counterscarp indicate the entent of second rampart.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Ditches not defined.

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Darvill, T. 2011. Prehistoric Gloucestershire. Forests and vales and high blue hills, 2nd Edition, Stroud: Amberley Publishing.

Evans D. 2004. Uley Bury, Gloucestershire. Programme of Archaeological Recording, Unpublished report Cotswold Archaeology.

Parry C. 1993. Uley Bury Camp, Gloucestershire: Note on the replacement of a stile at ST 7830098927, June 1993. Unpublished report Gloucestershire County Council, Archaeology Section.

RCHME 1976. Ancient and historical monuments in the County of Gloucestershire, Vol. I: Iron Age and Romano- British monuments in Gloucestershire Cotswolds, London: HMSO, 121b.

Saville, A. and Ellison, A. 1983. Uley Bury and Norbury hillforts: rescue excavations at two Gloucestershire Iron Age sites. Bristol: Western Archaeological Trust.

Saville, A and Ellison, A. 1983. Excavations at Uley Bury hillfort, Gloucestershire, 1976. Bristol: Western Archaeological Trust excavation monograph 5.



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This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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