Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN3032 Wardy Hill, Cambridgeshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Cambridgeshire 9497 (None)

NMR:  TL 4 8 SE 19 (1147640)

SM:  None

NGR:  TL 4721 8197

X:  547273  Y:  281977  (OSGB36)

Summary

Situated N of Witcham, on a prominent spur dominating a former marsh embayment on the N side of the Isle of Ely. One of a series of cropmark enclosures discovered in 1984. Totally excavated in 1991-2 (Evans 2003). A complex enclosure which is part of a much wider ditched landscape shown on aerial photographs and by geophysics. Substantial pre-enclosure Late Bronze Age occupation, mainly lithics, with a burnt mound and embanked land boundaries (Evans 2002). The suggested sequence is an inner ditch which is relatively slight (perhaps an enclosed farmstead), replaced by a more massive and larger ditch and bank enclosure of c. 0.6ha with later additions to the NW, the landward side, of two extra banks and ditches, banks estimated to be c. 5m wide. There is a simple entrance to the NE, a complex sequence of ditches suggest another to the SW with a causeway and another to the W which was finally blocked. In the interior six roundhouse structures were excavated, of various sizes with two smaller ones possibly ancilliary buildings, also pits. Evidence for cereal processing and worked bone and clay. Radiocarbon dates and pottery date the site to construction in the Middle Iron Age and use into the early Roman period, a range of 520 cal BC to cal 80 AD.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  18263  Y:  6875683  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  0.16405638015281487  Latitude:  52.41593170524616  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Cambridgeshire

Historic County:  Cambridgeshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Coveney

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✓
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✓
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

low-lying partial contour fort on a spur dominating Coveney embayment

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✓
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur dominating Coveney embayment

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  10.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Nine C14 dates plus pottery from excavation. Late Bronze Age activity, Roman re-use.

Reliability:  A - High

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✓
400BC - AD50   ✓
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   None
C14:   None

Investigation History

Discovered by aerial photography in 1984, total excavation in 1991-92, geophysics of the sider area in 1993.

Investigations:
Geophysical Survey (1993):   None
Excavation (None):   None

Interior Features

Six roundhouses excavated plus pits, wide range of artefacts, cereal processing.

Water Source

In the Fens

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✓
Postholes   ✓
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✓
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✓
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✓
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

There is a simple entrance to the NE, a complex sequence of ditches suggest another to the SW with a causeway and another to the W which was finally blocked.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None
2. Blocked (West):   None
2. Simple Gap (West):   None
3. Other Forms (South west):   None

Enclosing Works

The suggested sequence is an inner ditch which is relatively slight (perhaps an enclosed farmstead), replaced by a more massive and larger ditch and bank enclosure of c. 0.6ha with later additions to the NW, the landward side, of two extra banks and ditches, banks estimated to be c. 5m wide.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.6ha.
Total:   0.6ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✓
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

Evans, C. 2002. Metalwork and 'cold claylands'; pre-Iron Age occupation on the Isle of Ely, in Lane, T. and Coles, J. (eds), Through wet and dry. Essays in honour of David Hall. Lincolnshire Archaeological and Heritage Reports 5, WARP Occasional Paper 17, 33-53.

Evans, C. 2003. Power and Island Communities. Excavations at the Wardy Hill Ringwork, Coveney, Ely. East Anglian Archaeology Report 103.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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