Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN3258 Bishop's Wood, Staffordshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Staffordshire 00633-MST633 (None)

NMR:  SJ 73 SW 4 (74391)

SM:  None

NGR:  SJ 74472 33541

X:  374472  Y:  333541  (OSGB36)

Summary

Lying at 160m OD at the south-western end of a steep-sided promontory within Bishop's Wood, a small fort of approximately 0.2ha. Its location overlooks minor tributaries of the Coal Brook. The site was first identified from aerial photographs taken in 1948 following woodland clearance. The enclosed area measures approximately 80m NS by 50m EW and comprises a discontinuous line of banks where the natural topography is weakest. Double ditches cut off the neck of the promontory in the NE, the inner ditch possibly continuing around the crest of the promontory. A further short length of bank and ditch crosses the weaker approach in the S. Two possible phases have been identified (Cocroft and Jecock 1988), the original enclosure is probably represented by the inner rampart and ditch except in the NW where the they appear to run inside the later works to form a small oval enclosure. It is possible that a second outer bank on a parallel with the W side existed at that time. The NW corner of the main enclosure was later extended westwards by 10m. A gap in the centre of the earthworks across the neck of the promontory, now used as a forest track, is probably the location of the original entrance. No internal features are recorded. The site is recorded on 1965-67 1:2,500 OS mapping. Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -265046  Y:  6964278  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.380951877440817  Latitude:  52.898679455872376  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England; None

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Staffordshire

Historic County:  Staffordshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Eccleshall; Loggerheads

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

A promontory fort lying at 160m OD at the south-western end of a steep-sided promontory

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Steep-sided promontory

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  160.0m

Boundary

The parish boundary between Eccleshall and Loggerheads runs N-S to the E of the enclosed area

Boundary Type:  Parish/Townland


Dating Evidence

The site is undated

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First recorded on aerial photographs taken in 1948. Field investigations 1958 and 1974. General reference in Challis and Harding (1975). Recorded on 1965-67 1:2,500 OS mapping. RCHME survey, ref. no. 908982, part of Staffordshire Hillforts Project.

Investigations:
Other (1958):   Field investigation
Other (1974):   Field investigation
1st Identified Written Reference (1975):   None
Earthwork Survey (1997):   None
1st Identified Map Depiction (None):   None

Interior Features

No internal features are recorded

Water Source

Overlooks tributaries of the Coal Brook

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

Woodland

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

A gap in the centre of the earthworks across the neck of the promontory in the NE, now used as a forest track, is probably the location of the original entrance

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None

Enclosing Works

Small promontory fort of approximately 0.2ha. It measures approximately 80m NS by 50m EW and comprises a discontinuous line of defences where the natural topography is weakest. Double ditches cut off the neck of the promontory in the NE, the inner ditch possibly continuing around the crest of the promontory. A further short length of bank and ditch defends the weaker approach in the S. Two possible phases have been identified (Cocroft & Jecock 1988), the original enclosure is probably represented by the inner rampart and ditch except in the NW where the defences appear to run inside the present defences to form a small oval enclosure. It is possible that a second outer defence on a parallel with the W side existed at that time. The NW corner of the main enclosure was later extended westwards by 10m.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Total:   0.2ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   None
NW Quadrant:   None
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Challis, A. J. and Harding, D. 1975. Later Prehistory from Trent to the Tyne. BAR 20 PtII . 47.

Cocroft, W. and Jecock, M. 1988. RCHME: Staffordshire Hillforts Project. 15-MAY-1988. Unpublished



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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