Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

EN3487 The Castle, Knowle, Devon

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Devon MDV582 (None)

NMR:  SS 43 NE 19 (33256)

SM:  1002542

NGR:  SS48893833

X:  248889  Y:  138327  (OSGB36)

Summary

Commanding partial contour hillfort located at end of S-facing spur ridge above River Caen on SE and confluence with tributary on SSW, commanding route from N to River Taw estuary. Steep or very steep slopes on all sides except moderate along spur to NNW. Sub-oval enclosure with interior area c. 0.8ha. Defined by glacis bank on E and W to max. 3.3m high, with smooth scarp now on N, result of ploughing, and destroyed on S. 2m wide berm on E and W probably remains of infilled ditch. Slight quarry ditch on SW side. Old revetted field bank affects W rampart and S. Substantial results from topographical and geophysical surveys 2009. Entrance clear in geophysics facing into site, with small appendages at ends of banks within entrance interior. No details of position. Improved pasture interior, trees and scrub on banks E and W. Copse on S merges with bank. Ploughed interior and banks NW to E quadrants. 19th century platform and revetted field bank on S destroyed rampart, latter also affects W side. On 1st Ed. OS map (1889). Undated.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -463175  Y:  6643290  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.1607674100858  Latitude:  51.12418661085679  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  England

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Devon

Historic County:  Devon

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Braunton

Monument Condition

Ploughed interior and banks NW to E quadrants. 19th century platform and revetted field bank on S destroyed rampart, latter also affects W side.

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Improved pasture interior, trees and scrub on banks E and W. Copse on S merges with bank.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

Commanding partial contour hillfort located at end of S-facing spur ridge above River Caen on SE and confluence with tributary on SSW, commanding route from N to River Taw estuary. Steep or very steep slopes on all sides except moderate along spur to NNW.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✓
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✓
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  Spur ridge.

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✓
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  90.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

In Magna Brittanica D. Lysons and S. Lysons 1822. On 1st Ed. OS map (1889). Braunton Community Archaeology Project topographic, earth resistance and gradiometer surveys 2009.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1822):   In Magna Brittanica D. Lysons and S. Lysons.
1st Identified Map Depiction (1889):   OS map.
Geophysical Survey (2009):   Earth resistance and gradiometer surveys C.Carey Braunton Community Archaeology Project.
Earthwork Survey (2009):   C.Carey Braunton Community Archaeology Project.
Other (None):   Braunton Community Archaeology Project.

Interior Features

Slight quarry ditch on SW side. geophysics identified possible structure, but could be natural.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Slight quarry ditch on SW side.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Possible structure, but could be natural.

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Entrance clear in geophysics facing into site, with small appendages at ends of banks within entrance interior. No details of position.

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   No details of position.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   No details of position.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (None):   Small appendages at ends of banks within entrance interior.
1. Simple Gap (None):   Small appendages at ends of banks within entrance interior.

Enclosing Works

Defined by glacis bank on E and W to max. 3.3m high, with smooth scarp now on N, result of ploughing, and destroyed on S. 2m wide berm on E and W probably remains of infilled ditch.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.8ha.
Total:   0.8ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Berm probably infilled ditch.

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✓
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   2m wide berm on E and W probably remains of infilled ditch.

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Carey, C. 2009. Braunton Community Archaeology Project: Results of Geoprospection Surveys, Braunton Community Archaeology Project.

Lysons, D. and Lysons, S. 1822. Magna Brittanica, 6, Devonshire, London: Printed for T. Caddell and W. Davies, 352.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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