Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0219 Barsalloch Point, Wigtownshire (Barsalloch Fort)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG2488 (None)

NMR:  NX 34 SW 1 (62816)

SM:  90030

NGR:  NX 3472 4121

X:  234720  Y:  541210  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification is situated on the edge of the coastal escarpment overlooking the shore on the SW coast of the Machars. D-shaped on plan, its interior measures 38m from NW to SE along the chord by 26m transversely (0.09ha). The defences comprise an arc of twin earthen ramparts with a medial ditch resting at either end upon the edge of the escarpment. The ditch forms the major component of this barrier, measuring up to 10m in breadth by 3.5m in depth, and though the inner rampart barely rises above the level of the interior for much of its course, partly on account of later cultivation, the outer still stands about 1.1m high externally on the NW. Elsewhere it too has been heavily reduced, particularly around the lower side of the perimeter on the NE, where it is also overlain by a later field-bank. It has been assumed that the entrance also lies in this sector, though there is little sign of a causeway crossing the ditch here. Despite the cultivation of the interior there are possible traces of the scarp at the rear of a shallow house-platform on the NW.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -508607  Y:  7311303  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.568892562080701  Latitude:  54.73862614577272  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Wigtownshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Mochrum

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

The ground occupied by the enclosure slopes gently away to the NE from the lip of the escarpment.

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✓
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  30.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Implicit in the depiction on Roy's Map of 1747-55, it is shown as a Danish Fort by John Aislie on his county map of Wigtonshire in 1782, and appears in more detail on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Wigtownshire 1850, sheet 33). In 1911 RCAHMS prepared a description for the County Inventory of Wigtownshire (RCAHMS 1912, 78, no.199). Taken into Guardianship by the Office of Works in 1921. RCAHMS prepared a plan in 1955, and the OS re-surveyed at 1:2500 in 1977.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1755):   implicit in the depiction but not annotated
Other (1849):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Wigtownshire 1850, sheet 33)
Other (1911):   Description (RCAHMS 1912, 78, no.199)
Other (1921):   Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (1955):   1:300 plan (RCAHMS WGD 4/1-2)
Other (1977):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (2002):   Re-Scheduled
Other (2014):   Visit by the Hillfort Study Group

Interior Features

Ploughed over in the past, but possible site of one round-house can be identified on the NW side of the interior.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Shallow scarp describing an arc on the NW side of the interior.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Ploughed down gap on the NE

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   It is assumed there is an entrance on the NE, downslope, side

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Two ramparts with a medial ditch backing onto the edge of the coastal escarpment.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.09ha.
Total:   0.09ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.24ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Feachem, R (1963b) A guide to prehistoric Scotland, London (p 159-60).

RCAHMS (1912) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Fourth report and inventory of monuments and constructions in Galloway, 1, county of Wigtown, Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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