Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC0309 Moyle Hill, Kirkcudbrightshire (Barnbarroch; The Moyle)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG4459 (None)

NMR:  NX 85 NW 5 (64886)

SM:  2347

NGR:  NX 8488 5751

X:  284880  Y:  557510  (OSGB36)

Summary

This large fort encloses the summit of Moyle Hill, a steep and precipitous hill overlooking the estuary of the Urr Water from the E. The rampart, which was probably about 2.5m in thickness, built with a core of small stones faced with large boulders, is now spread up to 4.5m in thickness, and follows the shoulder of the hill for most of its circuit. Two gaps in the line of the rampart are mentioned in the description drawn up by RCAHMS in 1955, probably on the E flank, and while one was considered modern, the other may be original and is approached by a hollow trackway. The rocky and overgrown interior measures about 290m from N to S by 160m transversely (4.4ha) and, apart from a smaller fortified enclosure at the S end, and a series of later folds and buildings, it is featureless. The small fortified enclosure at the southern end of the interior occupies a slightly elevated plateau with a steep natural scarp on the W and S, and is defended elsewhere by a rampart reduced to a stony scarp between 1.5m and 2m in height. Its entrance, which is on the E, is approached by a trackway flanked by ruined walls. The interior measures some 36m from N to S by 27m transversely (0.08ha) and is featureless. While the RCAHMS account in 1955 could detect no chronological relationship between the two forts, regarding them as a small citadel within a larger hilltop enclosure, by 1963 Richard Feachem had revised his view, not only classifying the enclosure as a large fort in its own right, but suggesting that the rampart of the larger fort overlay that of the smaller (Feachem 1963, 129; 1966, 82-4). In 1970, however, the OS surveyor revising the 1:2500 depiction was of the opinion that the smaller overlay the larger.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -422651  Y:  7342296  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.7967386482649874  Latitude:  54.89903558221326  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Kirkcudbrightshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Colvend And Southwick

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Clearing in forestry but invaded by scrub trees

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  140.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted in 1849-51 as a pecked line annotated 'Old Fence' on the first edition OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1854, sheet 46), about 1892 the fort was sketch-planned and described by Frederick Coles (1893, 97-101, figs 5-9). In 1893-4 the OS mapped the line of the wall in greater detail and annotated it 'Fort' on the 25-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1895, sheet 50.4) and it was subsequently described in 1911 for the County Inventory for The Stewartry (RCAHMS 1914, 72, no.121). RCAHMS returned in 1955 during the Survey of Marginal Lands to prepare a plan. The OS re-surveyed the fort at 1:2500 in 1970.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1851):   Annotated Old Fence on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Kirkcudbrightshire 1854, sheet 46)
Earthwork Survey (1892):   Sketch-plan and description (Coles 1893, 97-101, figs 5-9)
Other (1894):   Annotated Fort on the 25-inch depiction (Kirkcudbrightshire 1895, sheet 50.4)
Other (1911):   Description (RCAHMS 1914, 72, no.121)
Earthwork Survey (1955):   1:600 plan (RCAHMS KBD 16/1-2; DP148860 and 148861)
Other (1970):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (2002):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless apart from various later folds, buildings and pens

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Two noted, probably on the E

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single rampart of the larger fort

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   4.4ha.
Total:   4.4ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   There are contradictory records of the sequence between the smaller and larger enclosures

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Of the larger fort

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Coles, F R (1893) 'The motes, forts, and doons in the east and west divisions of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 27, 92-182

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland, London

Feachem, R W (1966) 'The hill-forts of northern Britain', in Rivet, A L F The iron age in northern Britain Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1914) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Fifth report and inventory of monuments and constructions in Galloway, II, county of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, Edinburgh.



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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