Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1005 Alais Knowe, Elbeckhill, Dumfriesshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG7323 (None)

NMR:  NY 19 SW 12 (66953)

SM:  12708

NGR:  NY 1426 9355

X:  314260  Y:  593550  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort, which is situated on a hillock at the foot of a spur of higher ground to the ENE, is overlain by a post-medieval farmstead. This occupies the whole of the interior and has obscured the character of the defences in the southern half of the fort and along its E side. Nevertheless, the outline of the defences can be broadly traced, enclosing a roughly oval area measuring about 82m from NNE to SSW by 70m transversely (0.42ha). Where best preserved, on the NW, they comprise an inner rampart some 6m thick by 1.2m high, with an external ditch 6m broad and a low counterscarp bank. The ditch has been largely ploughed out to the S of a field bank that crosses the defences on the W, while northwards it extends round to NE, where it disappears at the edge of a natural escarpment. At the S end the line of the rampart seems to turn inwards on both sides to form a deep re-entrant, but while this probably marks the position of the entrance, this part of the circuit has been heavily reduced and the rampart simply peters out to either side of a broad gap.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -372875  Y:  7406383  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.349594743407973  Latitude:  55.22872050812946  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Dumfriesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Wamphray

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  240.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by post-medieval farmstead and field-banks

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted in 1857 on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1861, sheets 34.2 &34.6), it was visited in 1912 by Alexander Curle during the preparation of the County inventory for Dumfriesshire (RCAHMS 1920, 211, no.623). It was surveyed by George Jobey in 1968 during his fieldwork in eastern Dumfriesshire (Jobey 1971), and re-surveyed by the OS in 1972 at 1:2500 and revisited by them in 1978. A more detailed plan was drawn up by RCAHMS in 1990 (RCAHMS 1997, 232, fig 248). it was Scheduled in 2010

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1857):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1861, sheets 34.2 &34.6)
Other (1912):   Description (RCAHMS 1920, 211, no.623)
Earthwork Survey (1968):   George Jobey (Copy in RCAHMS DFD 335/1 P/CO)
Other (1972):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1978):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1990):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1997, 232, fig 248; RCAHMS DC32272 and SC382768)
Other (2010):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Overlain by a postmedieval farmstead

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Buildings and enclosures of a post-medieval farmstead

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Large sectors overlain and obscured by post-medieval farmstead

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Entrance almost certainly in the broad gap on SSW

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Other Forms (South):   Configuration unclear

Enclosing Works

Twin rampart and medial ditch where best preserved on the NW

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.42ha.
Total:   0.42ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.7ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   Probably but obscured by the overlying farmstead

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Only visible on N and NW

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Jobey, G (1971) 'Early settlements in eastern Dumfriesshire'. Trans Dumfriesshire Galloway Natur Hist Antiq Soc, 3 Ser, 48 (1971), 78-105

RCAHMS (1920) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Seventh Report with Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of Dumfries. HMSO: Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1997) Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Eastern Dumfriesshire: an archaeological landscape. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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