Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1172 Bute, Barone Hill, Buteshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 5002 (None)

NMR:  NS 06 SE 9 (40424)

SM:  2430

NGR:  NS 0696 6308

X:  206964  Y:  663081  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort, which is situated on the rocky crest of Barone Hill, displays two divergent lines of enclosure, almost certainly representing separate phases of construction. The smaller enclosure is oval on plan and takes in the summit. measuring about 62m from NE to SW by 42m transversely (0.2ha) within a wall some 3m thick and up to 1m in height; this wall is best preserved on the W and S, where numerous facing-stones are visible, but elsewhere there is little more than a rickle of stones around the edge of the summit. The entrance is on the SW and the interior is featureless. The larger enclosure also once took in the summit, but extends down the crest of the hill towards the SSW to form a pear-shaped enclosure measuring some 130m in length by about 75m in maximum breadth (0.7ha) within a wall about 3m in thickness and 0.5m in height. Occasional facing-stones can be seen along its length and an entrance in the western side was noted in 1943. The relationship between the two perimeters is unknown, though on the NW the outer turns sharply back to meet the line of the inner at right-angles.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -565846  Y:  7523125  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.083083208229977  Latitude:  55.82231514302958  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Buteshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  North Bute

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  160.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overriddedn by a stone march dyke, and the OS traingulation station stands within the interior.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted in 1863 on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1869, sheet 204.10), it was described by the Rev J K Hewison about 1893 (Hewison 1893, 286-7), who claimed to see traces of vitrifaction, though no visitors since have found any evidence to support his assertion. It was visited in 1943 during the RCAHMS Emergency Surveys and subsequently by the OS in 1976. It was Scheduled in 1964. Aerial photographs were taken by RCAHMS in 1993 and 2008, and it was visited by RCAHMS in 2009.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1863):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1869, sheet 204.10)
Other (1893):   Description by J K Hewison (1893, 286-7)
Other (1943):   Description RCAHMS Emergency Surveys
Other (1964):   Scheduled
Other (1976):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Other (2009):   Visited by RCAHMS

Interior Features

Rocky and featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Large sectors on the E and N of the summit enclosure are virtually invisible

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South west):   In inner enclosure
2. Simple Gap (West):   In outer enclosure

Enclosing Works

Two walls, probably representing separate periods of enclosure

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.2ha.
Area 2:   0.7ha.
Total:   0.7ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.7ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Antiquarian claim of vitrifaction not substantiated by later investigators

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   While the outer enclosure might be construed as an annexe, it is likely to be a free-standing fort of 0.7ha

References

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland, London (p 113)

Hewison, Rev. J K (1892-93) 'On the Prehistoric forts of the Island of Bute'. PSAS 27 (1893-3), 281-93



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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