Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1180 Bute, Little Dunagoil, Buteshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 4862 (None)

NMR:  NS 05 SE 14 (40280)

SM:  409

NGR:  NS 0864 5332

X:  208648  Y:  653324  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies encloses the rocky hillock known as Little Dunagoil, comprising an irregular enclosure following the lip of the hillock at its WSW end, with what appears to be an added annexe taking in the ENE end in similar fashion. The interior of the main enclosure measures about 42m from ENE to WSW by 30m transversely (0.07ha), its perimeter made up of stony scarps and outcrops; excavations during 1956-61 (Marshall 1964) included two trenches across the perimeter, on the NW and SE respectively, but revealed little evidence for the structure of the rampart in these scarps, and though the turf was also stripped from its crest along the S flank, the excavators did not recognise what RCAHMS investigators identified in 2010 as the butted junction of the annexe rampart onto the main fort. The entrance seems to have been on the E, opening into what became the annexe, which measures internally about 48m from ENE to WSW by a maximum of 19m transversely (0.05ha) at the ENE end. There are also traces of walling around a lower terrace on the N. The excavations included two areas within the fort, and a third at the ENE end of the annexe, this latter proving featureless. Evidence of occupation was recovered in the other two, but no coherent structural remains. Finds include: part of a shale ring and 40 sherds of pottery from the rear of the rampart on the SE; a fragment of a comb and five sherds of 'grass-tempered' pottery and unstratified fragments of a mould for a Late Bronze Age axe (Schmidt and Burgess 1981, 246, no.1642) from the W sector of the interior; and a pendant and armlet fragment of shale, a serpentine ring, and a whorl, an awl, a pin and a knife handle of bone from the northern sector. The excavations also included two rectangular buildings on a lower terrace to the ENE, from which a wide range of medieval and earlier finds were recovered, including a large assemblage of shale working debris and fragments of finished items, and two heavily worn sherds of Samian ware. There is also a mould for a knobbed spear-butt from the site (Laing and Laing 1986, 214).

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -562096  Y:  7505929  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.049393735943721  Latitude:  55.73544149579851  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Buteshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kingarth

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  15.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

While a number of artefacts have been recovered from the interior of the fort, none can be used to infer the date of the fort itself.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Late Bronze Age axe mould
Post Hillfort:   The rectangular buildings and field walls indicate ongoing medieval and later occupation and landuse round about. Some of the finds may be early medieval

Evidence:
Artefactual:   None

Investigation History

Depicted on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map as a topographical feature (Argyll and Bute 1869, sheet 227.2), the presence of fortifications was first noted about 1880 (Ross 1880, 79) and followed up by John Marshall, who seems to have carried out a minor trial excavation in 1914 (Marshall 1915). Mrs C M Piggott picked up a fragment of a the mould for a knobbed spearhead within the fort in 1948 (Laing and Laing 1986, 214), and excavations were carried out 1958-61 by Dorothy Marshall (1964), following a visit by C Ralegh Radford, The OS visited in 1976 and it was re-Scheduled in 1993. The following year it was included in a new survey of Dunagoil (Harding, Ralston and Burgess 1994), and RCAHMS carried out a detailed survey of the fort and its surroundings in 2010 (Geddes and Hale 2010, 31).

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1880):   Noted by Blain (Ross 1880, 79)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1915):   3rd edition OS 6-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1924, sheet 227)
Other (1948):   Mould for a knobbed spearhead found by C M Piggott (Laing and Laing 1986, 214)
Other (1953):   Scheduled
Excavation (1958):   Marshall 1964
Excavation (1959):   Marshall 1964
Excavation (1960):   Marshall 1964
Excavation (1961):   Marshall 1964
Other (1976):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Other (1993):   Re-Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (1994):   (Harding, Ralston and Burgess 1994)
Earthwork Survey (2010):   Plan and description (Geddes and Hale 2010, 31; RCAHMS DC 49425 & SC1231879; GV 004724 & DP097431)

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

cobbling

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✓
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✓
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single rampart

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.07ha.
Total:   0.07ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.17ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Broken by outcrops

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Only tumbled stones identified

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✓

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✓   The annexe on the ENE of the fort virtually doubles the size of the interior.

References

Duffy, P R J (2012) One Island, Many Voices: Bute, Archaeology and the Discover Bute Landscape Partnership Scheme, Donington (pp 9,10,75,76)

Geddes and Hale, G F and A G C (2010) RCAHMS: The Archaeological Landscape of Bute, Edinburgh

Harding, Ralston and Burgess, D W, I B M and C (1994) 'Little Dunagoil (Kingarth parish)', Disc Exc Scot 1994, 57

Laing and Laing, L and J (1986) 'Scottish and Irish metalwork and the "conspiratio barbarica"'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 116 (1986), 211-21

Marshall and Speirs, D N and A (1992) History of Bute, Revision (Rothesay) (p 29-30)

Marshall, D N (1964) 'Report on excavations at Little Dunagoil', Trans Buteshire Natur Hist Soc 16 (1964), 3-69

Ross, W (1880) Blain's History of Bute, in Rev. William Ross, Rothesay

Schmidt and Burgess, P K and C B (1981) 'The axes of Scotland and Northern England'. Prahistorische Bronzefunde, 9, Munchen, Germany



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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