Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC1401 Barr Hill, Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire (Wallace's Chair)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 7771 (None)

NMR:  NS 46 SW 2 (43217)

SM:  None

NGR:  NS 4094 6365

X:  240940  Y:  663650  (OSGB36)

Summary

What was probably a fort on the summit of Barr Hill has been destroyed by quarrying. D-shaped on plan, the 1st editions of the OS 6-inch and 25-inch maps (Renfrewshire 1863, sheet 11.3) depict it with a hachured rampart, backing onto the cliff-edge that marked the N margin of the summit. As shown, the interior measured about 70m from E to W along the chord formed by the cliff-edge by 45m transversely (0.25ha). The minister writing in the Statistical Account supplies the information that the rampart was composed of loose stones (Stat Acct, xv, 1795, 489n), while one of his successors noted that it was 0.9m high (NSA, 7, Renfrewshire, 367-8). By 1895 the interior had been planted with trees (Renfrewshire 1897, sheet 11.3), the plantation boundary running concentrically immediately within the line of the rampart, which was now shown with only the inner scarp facing into the interior; this new depiction misled Richard Feachem into believing that this was the remains of a ditch in front of the rampart. None of the depictions show an entrance.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -505580  Y:  7526593  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -4.54170531231491  Latitude:  55.839814825136195  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Renfrewshire

Historic County:  Renfrewshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kilbarchan

Monument Condition

Quarried

Condition:
Extant   ✗
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

Quarry

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✓

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  90.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Incorporated into a post-medieval plantation and subsequently quarried

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted on William Roy's Map (1747-55), it was noted in 1795 (Stat Acct, xv, 1795, 489n), and depicted in greater detail on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Renfrewshire 1863, sheet 11.3). It had been destroyed by the time the OS visited in 1951, followed in 1954 by Richard Feachem as part of the RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1755):   Roy's Map 1747-55
1st Identified Written Reference (1795):   Noted (Stat Acct, xv, 1795, 489n)
Earthwork Survey (1857):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Renfrewshire 1863, sheet 11.3)
Other (1951):   Visited by the OS, but by then destroyed
Other (1954):   Visited during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands

Interior Features

Unknown

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   entire circuit destroyed

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None recorded

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

Single rampart

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.25ha.
Total:   0.25ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

NSA (1834-1845) The new statistical account of Scotland by the ministers of the respective parishes under the superintendence of a committee of the society for the benefit of the sons and daughters of the clergy, 15v Edinburgh

Statistical Account of Scotland: Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes (Sinclair, J ed), 1791-99



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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