Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2067 Islay, Am Burg, Coul, Argyll

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 1883 (None)

NMR:  NR 16 SE 1 (37270)

SM:  None

NGR:  NR 1911 6492

X:  119110  Y:  664920  (OSGB36)

Summary

The SE flank of a precipitous headland on the W coast of the Rhins of Islay WNW of Coul is defended by a single wall facing onto a deep gully that separates the promontory from Carn Mor to the SE. The wall extends from NE to SW along the lip of the gully, in the NE and SW sectors forming a band of rubble with several runs of outer-facing stones, and though it cannot be traced in this position in the central sector, there is another band of rubble here linking the outcrops at a higher level. The entrance was probably in the NE sector, but is blocked by a later turf bank which extends along the rear of the wall to turn back along the N margin of the promontory; it may be associated with the ruin of a rectangular building at this end of the interior. The interior is rocky and uneven and measures a maximum of 200m from NE to SW by 125m transversely (1.5ha), though additional areas lie beyond a crevice that forms a boundary on the SW and extend the overall area of the promontory to about 1.8ha. Apart from the rectangular building, which measures 17m by 7m over drystone walls, and traces of cultivation rigs, it is otherwise featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -721725  Y:  7517856  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.483366600555891  Latitude:  55.79571775976785  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kilchoman

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  30.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Visited in 1772 by Thomas Pennant, who observed 'vestiges of ancient habitations' (Pennant 1776, ii, 254), the fort is not shown on early editions of the 6-inch and 25-inch OS map, but on the strength of Pennant's note was visited in 1961 by Frank Newall, who found the remains of the wall (Newall and Newall 1961). RCAHMS investigators drew up a plan in 1979 during the preparation of the County Inventory for Argyll (RCAHMS 1984, 72-3, no.125). It was photographed from the air by RCAHMS in 1981 and 2005.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1772):   Thomas Pennant
Other (1961):   Discovery (Newall and Newall 1961)
Other (1978):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1979):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1984, 72-3, no.125; RCAHMS DC101-2)

Interior Features

Featureless apart from later rectangular building and cultivation remains

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single wall cutting off access to the promontory

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   1.5ha.
Total:   1.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  1.8ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Newall and Newall, F and H E (1961) 'Reidh an Coul Buirg', Disc Exc Scot 1961, 19-20

Pennant, T (1776) A Tour in Scotland; MDCCLXXII,, 2 London

RCAHMS (1984) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 5: Islay, Jura, Colonsay and Oronsay. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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