Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2139 Islay, Borraichill Mor, Argyll (Borraniebill Mor; Port Ellen; Brahunissary)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 2136 (None)

NMR:  NR 34 NE 11 (37533)

SM:  None

NGR:  NR 3712 4675

X:  137120  Y:  646750  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies the rocky summit of Borraichill Mor rising above the moorland to the NE of Port Ellen. Sub-square on plan, it measures about 90m across within a stone wall about 2.2m in average thickness. The outer face incorporates massive blocks and on the NE stands up to 1.8m high, and though the inner face is not so well-preserved this stands 1.1m high on the SE. The main entrance, which is choked with rubble, is in a shallow gully on the NE and forms a passage 2.8m in length by 1.5m in breadth. In addition narrow transverse passages 0.7m and 0.9m wide respectively can be seen within the thickness of the wall on the ESE and W respectively, that on the ESE retaining several lintels. Apart from a later enclosure formed by the insertion of a wall into a shallow gully on the WSW, the interior is featureless.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -687892  Y:  7487677  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.17944102059768  Latitude:  55.64302050901851  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kildalton And Oa

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  155.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Small enclosure formed between the main wall and a later boundary inserted into a gully on the SW side

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted in 1878 on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1882, sheet 232.9), it was visited by Gordon Childe (1935a, 82 no.10, 84), who considered it to be a 'hilltop town' though in no way conforming to his definition (Childe 1935b). It was surveyed in 1975 by RCAHMS during the preparation of the County Inventory for Argyll (RCAHMS 1984,81-2, no.134), and surveyed by the OS at 1:2500 in 1978. It has also been photographed from the air by RCAHMS in 1979 and 2006.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1878):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1882, sheet 232.9)
Other (1935):   Visited by Gordon Childe (1935a, 82 no.10, 84)
Earthwork Survey (1975):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1984,81-2, no.134; RCAHMS DC119-20)
Other (1978):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Other (2007):   Visited by the Hill-Fort Study Group

Interior Features

Apart from the later enclosure the interior is featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Later enclosure

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
3:   Large sections of the wall have disappeared, particularly along the NW side.

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Main entrance, with at least two others revealed by transverse structural elements within the thickness of the wall

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Main entrance
2. Postern Gate (East):   Still retains lintels
3. Postern Gate (West):   None

Enclosing Works

Single wall, probably once continuous, but lost along the outcrops on the NW flank

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.76ha.
Total:   0.76ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Childe, V G (1935a) 'Notes on some duns in Islay'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 69 (1934-5), 81-4

Childe, V G (1935b) The Prehistory of Scotland. Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co

RCAHMS (1984) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 5: Islay, Jura, Colonsay and Oronsay. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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