Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2160 Oronsay, Dun Domhnuill, Argyll (Oronsay House)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 2407 (None)

NMR:  NR 38 NE 2 (37809)

SM:  5140

NGR:  NR 3541 8902

X:  135410  Y:  689020  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies an elongated rocky ridge and is defended by a single wall that can be traced around the greater part of the margin of the summit to enclose an area measuring 69m from E to W by 24m transversely (0.12ha); runs of external face are visible on the NE and NW. The entrance is not visible, but was probably at the E end, where there are traces of a wall enclosing a lower terrace and a stone revetted trackway descends the slope towards the NW. On the N side of the interior the stone footings of two oval huts can be seen overlying the collapsed wall, and immediately to the W of them a stone basin has been cut into the outcrops; it measures 600mm by 500mm and 300mm deep.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -695490  Y:  7562569  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.247690865668457  Latitude:  56.02085988406171  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Colonsay And Oronsay

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  60.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by two oval huts and a stone basin is cut into the outcrops within the interior

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First depicted in 1878 on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1881, sheet 165), it was visited by Stuart and Margaret Piggott in 1944 (Piggott and Piggott 1946, 92), It was visited by the OS in 1974, and surveyed in 1976 by RCAHMS during the preparation of the County Inventory for Argyll (RCAHMS 1984, 89, no.148). It was Scheduled in 1991. It was photographed from the air by RCAHMS in 1980 and 2010.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1878):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1881, sheet 165)
Other (1944):   Visited by Stuart and Margaret Piggott (1946, 92)
Other (1974):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1976):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1984, 89, no.148; RCAHMS DC147-8)
Other (1991):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless apart from two oval huts built over the collapsed wall

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Later oval huts

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

Midden identified here, finds in the Hunterian Museum and the Museaum of Antiquities include a bone bobbin (Proc Soc Antiq Scot 109, 1977-8 )

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✓
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Later oval huts

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Not visible but presumed to be on the E

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Other Forms (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single stone wall , possibly with an outwork on the E

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.12ha.
Total:   0.12ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.22ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Piggott and Piggott, S and C M (1946) 'Field work on Colonsay and Islay, 1944-45'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 80 (1945-6), 83-103

RCAHMS (1984) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 5: Islay, Jura, Colonsay and Oronsay. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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