Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2185 Jura, Ardmenish, An Dunan, Argyll

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 14524 (None)

NMR:  NR 57 SE 4 (83073)

SM:  None

NGR:  NR 5785 7305

X:  157850  Y:  673050  (OSGB36)

Summary

A complex series walls variously enclose the summit of this promontory and a lower terrace on the NW, and cut off the landward approach from the W, As such it may represent several separate periods and schemes of defence. At its core are the remains of the small enclosure on the summit, which measures no more than 25m from NNE to SSW by 20m transversely (0.05ha) within a denuded wall reduced to little more than a thin band of rubble with occasional outer-facing stones. Two outer walls extend along the lips of lower terraces stepping down on the NE flank, the lower swinging round to the W, possibly to utilise the leading edge of another terrace at the foot of the NW flank of the promontory before returning to the foot of the cliff forming the W side of the summit; as such it forms an annexe enclosing a further 0.19ha. The entrance to the innermost enclosure approaches through the annexe and up the NE flank of the summit, where an additional length of wall has been inserted parallel to the annexe wall to create a walled entrance way some 22m in length, though if this is what was intended it is unclear how access to the the entrance through the middle wall was gained. Entrance from the exterior into the annexe was via gap in the wall on the W, where there is also a gap in a slighter outer wall which cuts off access to the whole promontory on the landward side. Two structures are built into the innermost wall and the annexe wall respectively, in the case of the latter impeding the use of the entrance into the annexe on the W, are probably the result of later occupation; In addition there are a series of other later pens and huts, including a long rectangular structure in the annexe that the RCAHMS investigators speculated was a boat shelter.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -653913  Y:  7536462  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -5.874202895109835  Latitude:  55.88956188495393  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Jura

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  20.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by several huts and pens and a long rectangular structure thought to eb a boat shelter.

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

First noted by M Jarvis (1974), the fort was surveyed by RCAHMS in 1976 during the preparation of the County Inventory for Argyll (RCAHMS 1984, 73-5, no.126), and visited by the OS in 1978. It was photographed from the air by RCAHMS in 1976, 1977 and 1980.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1974):   Discovery (Jarvis 1974)
Earthwork Survey (1976):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1984, 73-5, no.126; RCAHMS DC103-4)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1978):   Surveyed at 1:10.000 by the OS

Interior Features

Later enclosures and structures are scattered through the interior.

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Various huts, pens, gardens and other structures

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Various huts, pens, gardens and other structures

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✓

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
5:   but also other large gaps in the circuits

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   A single route to the summit enclosure via five separate gaps in the various walls

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   In inner wall, with fallen jambstone
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Middle wall
1. Passage-way/Corridor (North east):   approaching the inner entrances
1. Simple Gap (West):   Through annexe wall
1. Simple Gap (West):   Through outermost wall cutting off the promontory

Enclosing Works

A complex series of defensive walls

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.05ha.
Total:   0.05ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.8ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✓   There is a possible annexe with a massively built wall on the NW of the summit enclosure, which extends its interior by a further 0.19ha

References

Jarvis, M C (1974) 'Jura, An Dunan: fort', Discovery Excav Scot 1974, 13

RCAHMS (1984) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 5: Islay, Jura, Colonsay and Oronsay. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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