Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2488 Tiree, Dun Nan Gall, Argyll (Ceann a' Mhara)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 77 (None)

NMR:  NL 94 SW 8 (21483)

SM:  6903

NGR:  NL 9350 4086

X:  93500  Y:  740860  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies the summit of a coastal promontory, which projects beyond a narrow neck from the cliffs on the W coast of Tiree. The main defence is provided by a single wall, which crosses over a low rocky knoll overlooking the neck and evidently extended down both the N and S margins of the summit to enclose an area measuring about 55m from ESE to WNW by 30m transversely (0.13ha); the promontory itself extends considerably further into the sea, descending in a series of terraces and outcrops to a rocky wave-swept shore. The wall has been heavily reduced by robbing and erosion, but an exposed section on the NNE observed by RCAHMS investigators in 1975 revealed that it was about 1.5m in thickness at that point, with midden containing a sherd of coarse pottery built up against the inner face; elsewhere along the margins it has been reduced to little more than a scarp with occasional outer facing-stones, while in the better preserved E sector one run of outer face still stands 1.1m high in five courses. At the entrance, which lies at the N margin of the promontory on the E, the terminals of the walls appear staggered, and there are traces of what may be rough outworks to either side, though there are also other fragments of walling around the foot of the knoll at this end of the fort the purpose of which is not fully understood. Within the interior there are four shallow depressions edged round with set stones; two are small oval structures about 4m across, while the other two are larger enclosures; while their date and purpose are unknown, at least one of the enclosures set immediately to the rear of the wall on the knoll is secondary.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -776744  Y:  7650526  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.9776061681997446  Latitude:  56.45993627294102  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Argyll & Bute

Historic County:  Argyll

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Tiree

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  30.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Pottery recovered

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Structures and enclosures in the interior are probably secondary

Evidence:
Artefactual:   None

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1878):   Named in Gothic type on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Argyll and Bute 1882, sheet 78.5)
Other (1903):   Description by Erskine Beveridge 1896-1901 (1903, 97-9)
Other (1963):   Euan Mackie recovered sherds from the midden (1963, 21)
Other (1972):   Surveyed at 1:10,000 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1975):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1980, 82, no.144, fig 69; RCAHMS AGD 631/1-2)
Other (1997):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Two small oval structures and two slightly larger enclosures

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Two small oval structures and two slightly larger enclosures; they are probably secondary.

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✓
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✓
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   Additional gaps all round the circuit

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Over-lapping (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Single wall, possibly continuous

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.13ha.
Total:   0.13ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.6ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   The overall footprint includes the rocky descent down to the shore

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Possibly originally continuous

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Beveridge, E (1903) Coll and Tiree: their prehistoric forts and ecclesiastical antiquities with notices of ancient remains in the Treshnish Isles. Edinburgh

MacKie, E W (1963) 'Tiree. Dun Mhor Vaul; Dun Beg Vaul; Dun Boraige Mor; Dun Hiader; Dun Ibrig; Dun Mor a' Chaolais; Dun Nan Gall'. Disc Exc Scot 1963, 21

RCAHMS (1980) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Argyll: an inventory of the monuments volume 3: Mull, Tiree, Coll and Northern Argyll (excluding the early medieval and later monuments of Iona). HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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