Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2772 Lewis, Port of Ness, Dun Eistean, Ross-shire (Tigh Nan Arm)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Comhairle nan Eilean Siar - Western Isles Sites and Monuments Record MWE4417 (None)

NMR:  NB 56 NW 1 (4417)

SM:  5356

NGR:  NB 5355 6501

X:  153550  Y:  965010  (OSGB36)

Summary

Dun Eistean is a cliff-girt rock stack cut off from the mainland by a precipitous sea-swept ravine, and has only recently become accessible via a footbridge. An area measuring about 90m from E to W by up to 60m transversely (0.48ha) is enclosed by a grass-grown bank, which has been shown by excavation to be the remains of a stone-faced turf rampart (Barrowman 2002), extending along the S margin of the stack above the ravine and returning at either end. Remains of a series of buildings can be seen within the interior, one of which is the stump of a tower (Barrowman 2001; 2005). Traditionally a stronghold associated with the Morrisons since the 16th century, the excavations have also demonstrated earlier medieval phases, but though it has often been assumed a likely site for a prehistoric predecessor (eg the Scheduling document), there is no evidence that this was the case.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Irreconciled issues

Location

X:  -693777  Y:  8073825  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -6.232307246072315  Latitude:  58.50343205500971  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Western Isles

Historic County:  Ross-shire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Barvas

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✓
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✓
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  20.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

Medieval to post-medieval

Reliability:  B - Medium

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✓
Unknown   ✗

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   None

Evidence:
Artefactual:   None

Investigation History

Named topographical feature on 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire, Island of Lewis 1853, sheet 1), which also shows four of the buildings as ruins. Good series of oblique aerial photographs taken by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 2004 and 2011

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1865):   Description by Captain F W Thomas, possibly from information supplied by Rev M Macphail (Thomas 1890, 365-9; RCAHMS DC25544)
Excavation (1866):   Trench dug by Rev M Macphail (Barrowman 2006)
Other (1914):   Description (RCAHMS 1928, 7, no.15)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1969):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1992):   Scheduled
Earthwork Survey (2000):   Survey by GUARD (RCAHMS MS/725/287)
Geophysical Survey (2001):   Survey by GUARD
Excavation (2001):   Evaluation by GUARD (Barrowman 2001)
Excavation (2002):   In advance of footbridge (Barrowman 2002)
Excavation (2005):   Barrowman 2005
Excavation (2006):   Barrowman 2006
Excavation (2007):   Barrowman 2007

Interior Features

Series of rectangular buildings, one of which is the stump of a tower

Water Source

Pond identified by RCAHMS in 1914

Source:
None   ✗
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✓
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✓
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✓
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

Uncertain content

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✗
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

All finds are medieval to post-medieval

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✗
Pottery   ✓
Metal   ✓
Metalworking   ✓
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✓
Lithics   ✓
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Entrance into the Post-medieval stronghold faces onto the ravine on the S, but there was also access from the sea.

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South):   None

Enclosing Works

Stone faced turf rampart

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.48ha.
Total:   0.48ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

Turf core

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✗
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Barrowman, C (2001) 'Dun Eistean, Ness, Lewis, Western Isles (Barvas parish), promontory enclosure and dun; medieval fortification'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 2 (2001), 99-100, fig 40

Barrowman, C (2002) 'Dun Eisdean, Ness, Lewis, Western Isles (Barvas parish), dun and medieval fortifications'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 3 (2002), 119

Barrowman, C (2006) 'Dun Eistean Archaeology Project, Western Isles (Barvas parish), excavation'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 7 (2006), 171-2

Barrowman, R C (2005) 'Dun Eistean Archaeology Project, Western Isles (Barvas parish), fortified settlement on sea stack'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 6 (2005), 144

Barrowman, R C (2007) 'Dun Eistean Archaeology Project, Western Isles (Barvas parish), excavation'. Disc Exc Scot, New Ser, 8 (2007), 195-196

Burgess, C 2008 Ancient Lewis and Harris, Lewis: Hebridean Archaeological Interpretation Programme, 61-2, no. 3 (with plan)

RCAHMS (1928) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Ninth report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the Outer Hebrides, Skye and the Small Isles. HMSO: Edinburgh

Thomas, F W L (1890) 'On the duns of the Outer Hebrides'. Archaeol Scot 5 (1890), 365-415



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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