Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2939 Wheedlemont, Aberdeenshire (Cnoc Cailliche; Wheedlemont Hill)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Aberdeenshire Historic Environment Record NJ42NE0005 (None)

NMR:  NJ 42 NE 5 (17215)

SM:  11681

NGR:  NJ 4729 2605

X:  347290  Y:  826050  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification occupies the summit of a conical hill forming the eastern end of a ridge WSW of Rhynie above Wheedlemont. Oval on plan, it measures about 50m from NE to SW by 30m transversely (0.11ha) within a wall reduced to low band of rubble on the inner lip of a ditch with a counterscarp bank; the ditch measures up to 4m in breadth by 1m in depth. Traces of a continuous internal quarry can be traced to the rear of the wall around the whole circuit, while set along the spine of the interior there is a row of at least three timber round-houses. The entrance is on the NE.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -320254  Y:  7826222  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.876888798339284  Latitude:  57.322014012983935  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Aberdeenshire

Historic County:  Aberdeenshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Auchindoir And Kearn

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  352.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Planted with trees

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

RCAHMS and Aberdeenshire Council also hold oblique aerial photography.

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1865):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Aberdeenshire 1870, sheet 42.12; Name Book, Aberdeenshire, No.6, p 47-8)
1st Identified Written Reference (1870):   Noted by Andrew Jervise (1870, 327)
Other (1930):   Noted (Simpson 1930, 53; 1932, 99)
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS ABD 10/1-2 & DP 147345-6)
Other (1967):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1974):   Sherd found Proc Soc Antiq Scot 104 (1971-2), 316
Other (1981):   Visited by the Hill-fort Study Group
Earthwork Survey (1996):   Plan and description (RCAHMS DC44318 & SC 1333001; DC44602; DC44645; Halliday 2007, 99-100, fig 6.25)
Other (2007):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Traces of at least three round-houses, one with traces of a ring-ditch

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

At least three round-houses and traces of internal quarrying all the way round the circuit. Possible ring-ditch house

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✓
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

None

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   None

Enclosing Works

Wall, ditch and counterscarp bank

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.11ha.
Total:   0.11ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.2ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✓
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Halliday, S P (2007) The later prehistoric landscape. In RCAHMS (2007) In the Shadow of Bennachie: A Field Archaeology of Donside, Aberdeenshire. RCAHMS & Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh

Jervise, A (1870) 'Notes respecting the castle of Craig and the old kirk of Auchindoir, &c., in Aberdeenshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 8 (1868-70), 323-30

Simpson, W D (1930) 'Craig Castle and the Kirk of Auchindoir, Aberdeenshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 64 (1929-30), 48-96

Simpson, W D (1932) 'Lesmoir Castle and the Church of Essie: with some further notes on Auchindoir'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 66 (1931-2), 86-101



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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