Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2955 Barmkyn of North Keig, Aberdeenshire (The Barmkyn, Keig; Hill of Airlie; Wood of Northkeig)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Aberdeenshire Historic Environment Record NJ52SE0018 (None)

NMR:  NJ 52 SE 8 (17701)

SM:  11514

NGR:  NJ 5991 2004

X:  359910  Y:  820040  (OSGB36)

Summary

This small fortification is situated on the summit of the Hill of Airlie, in a clearing in the plantation that has clothed its upper slopes since the early 19th century. Roughly circular on plan, the principal defence is a wall reduced to a mound of rubble between 5m and 8m in thickness by up to 1m in height, which encloses an area some 45m in diameter (0.16ha); a few inner and outer facing-stones are visible on the W quarter, though in insufficient numbers to measure the thickness, and the entrance is on the ESE. Within the interior the ground rises into a low summit, and the stony scarp that defines its margin is possibly the remains of a heavily robbed wall enclosing an area measuring 31m across (0.08ha); while the relationship between the two walls is unknown, the relatively poor state of preservation of the inner suggests that it may be the earlier. The only other feature visible within the interior is a cairn measuring about 8m from ESE to WSW by 6.5m transversely and 0.2m in height.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -296819  Y:  7815365  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.666372121223667  Latitude:  57.26931582781415  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Aberdeenshire

Historic County:  Aberdeenshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Keig

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Clearing in plantation

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✓
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  286.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   Cairn within the interior
Post Hillfort:   Planted with trees

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Both Aberdeen Archaeological Services and RCAHMS have photographed the fort from the air

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1832):   John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland (Aberdeen and Banff Shires)
Other (1867):   Named in Gothic type and annotated '(Camp)' on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Aberdeenshire 1870, sheet 53.9)
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description for RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands (RCAHMS ABD 7/1-2 & DP147308; Feachem 1963, 105)
Other (1967):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1981):   Visited by the Hill-Fort Study Group
Earthwork Survey (2000):   Plan and description (RCAHMS DC44352 & SC1333084; DC44610; Halliday 2007, 98 fig 6.25, 101)
Other (2006):   Scheduled

Interior Features

A cairn is the only visible feature

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Cairn

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✓

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (East):   None

Enclosing Works

Two walls, possibly representing separate periods of enclosure

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.08ha.
Area 2:   0.16ha.
Total:   0.16ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Feachem, R (1963) A guide to prehistoric Scotland. Batsford: London

Halliday, S P (2007) The later prehistoric landscape. In RCAHMS (2007) In the Shadow of Bennachie: A Field Archaeology of Donside, Aberdeenshire. RCAHMS & Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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