Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC2960 Hill of Christ's Kirk, Aberdeenshire

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Aberdeenshire Historic Environment Record NJ62NW0016 (None)

NMR:  NJ 62 NW 21 (18141)

SM:  11394

NGR:  NJ 6018 2742

X:  360180  Y:  827420  (OSGB36)

Summary

This enclosure occupies the summit Hill of Christ's Kirk and has variously been interpreted as the remains of at least three marker trenches for an unfinished fort, or a palisaded perimeter. On balance the latter is to be preferred, though RCAHMS investigators who first noted it could detect no trace of a trench in an exposed section of the outermost line on the SW, but in its hilltop position it should nevertheless by considered to be a fortification. Oval on plan, the two outer trenches, each of which is about 0.6m broad and has traces of an upcast bank on its outer lip, are set between 10m and 12m apart and enclose an oval area measuring 85m from E to W by 64m transversely (0.43ha), and there are possible traces of yet another trench placed concentrically about 8m beyond them round the W quarter. Eccentrically within the interior, which is otherwise featureless, an inner enclosure measuring about 43m in internal diameter (0.15ha) can also be seen; it probably represents a separate phase of construction, though whether earlier or later is unknown. The courses of the various perimeters are difficult to track in the long grass and whins, and the position of the entrance is unknown.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -296454  Y:  7829030  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.6630872229781373  Latitude:  57.33562937712403  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Aberdeenshire

Historic County:  Aberdeenshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kennethmont

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Gorse and coarse grasses in a clearing in aplantation

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✓
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  310.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain on the SE by rig and furrow

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Aberdeen Archaeological Services have recorded the site on oblique aerial photographs, copies of which are held by Aberdeenshire Council and RCAHMS.

Investigations:
1st Identified Written Reference (1956):   Identified by RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Land
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description (RCAHMS ABD 3/1-2 & DP 147305-6; NB DP 147305 is a rescaled ink version with the wrong scale bar)
1st Identified Map Depiction (1969):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1996):   Description by RCAHMS (Halliday 2007, 103 with wrong measurements)
Other (2006):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   The remains are ephemeral and disontinuous

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Not known

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

At least three lines of shallow trenches that are superficially comparable to palisade trenches in south-eastern Scotland

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.15ha.
Area 2:   0.43ha.
Area 3:   0.75ha.
Total:   0.75ha.

Total Footprint Area:  0.8ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   3
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   4
NW Quadrant:   4
Total:   4

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✓
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Claimed to be marker trenches of an unfinished fort but more likely to be palisade trenches

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✓
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Halliday, S P (2007) The later prehistoric landscape. In RCAHMS (2007) In the Shadow of Bennachie: A Field Archaeology of Donside, Aberdeenshire. RCAHMS & Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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