Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3141 Lady Mary's Wood, Fife (Walton Cottages; North Scotstarvit; Walton Hill)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Fife Council None (None)

NMR:  NO 31 SE 27 (31508)

SM:  812

NGR:  NO 3563 1031

X:  335630  Y:  710310  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort occupies the crest of a spur that projects W from lower slopes of Walton Hill. Although directly overlooked by Walton Hill, the ground falls away steeply on the W, while a gully climbing the slope from the NW serves to separate the spur from the main bulk of the hill. The ramparts of the fort have been heavily reduced, and further damage has been caused by quarrying on the S flank and the insertion of a burial-vault for the Crawford family into the interior, but enough remains on the NW flank to show that its defences comprised three ramparts stepping down the slope in a belt about 22m deep. The innermost has been reduced to no more than a scarp, and an external ditch is visible accompanying the outermost. The size of the interior is difficult to estimate, but on the assumption that the defences were originally set out concentrically round the whole circuit, it measures about 85m from NE to SW by a minimum of 40m (0.3ha) and possibly as much 75m transversely (0.5ha); the depiction on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map, when the defences appear to have been more complete on the S, suggest the latter. There is a possible entrance through the outer defences on the NW, where the plan drawn up by RCAHMS investigators in 1925 shows the outer rampart turning slightly inwards to either side of the gap, but there is no equivalent gap in the innermost rampart. For what it is worth the map omits the gap in the outer defences on the NW, but appears to show an entrance on the S.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -338550  Y:  7614543  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.0412491180785723  Latitude:  56.28091934592134  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Fife

Historic County:  Fife

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Cults

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✓
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  88.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Quarried, planted with trees and overlain by the Crawford Burial Vault

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1854):   Annotated Fort on 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Fife 1856, sheet 17)
Other (1894):   Depiction on the 25-inch map (Fifeshire 1895, sheet 13.11)
Earthwork Survey (1925):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1933, 86-7, no.166, fig 193; RCAHMS FID 29/1-2)
Other (1935):   Scheduled
Other (1947):   Noted by Gerhard Bersu (1948, 257)
Other (1951):   Visited during RCAHMS Survey of Marginal Lands
Other (1956):   Visited by the OS
Other (1964):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1978):   Visited by the OS

Interior Features

Featureless apart from the Crawford family vault

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Large sectors of the ramparts levelled

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South):   Shown on OS map in 1854
2. Simple Gap (North west):   None

Enclosing Works

At least three ramparts on one side, but it is unclear if these all formed complete circuits

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.3ha.
Area 2:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  1.5ha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   The minimum and maximum sizes of the interior are included above

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   It is likely that all three ramparts are accompanied by external ditches, but only the outermost remains visible

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Bersu, G (1948) ' "Fort" at Scotstarvit Covert, Fife'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 82 (1947-80, 241-63

RCAHMS (1933) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Eleventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the counties of Fife, Kinross, and Clackmannan. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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