Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3174 Randerston Castle, Fife

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Fife Council None (None)

NMR:  NO 61 SW 4 (35367)

SM:  6574

NGR:  NO 6179 1090

X:  361790  Y:  710900  (OSGB36)

Summary

The site of this fortification occupies the precipitous coastal promontory named Randerstone Castle on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Fife 1855, sheet 13), a name that has become associated in the locality with the site of the 'castle' that was replaced in the late 16th by the present farmhouse at Randerston steading (RCAHMS 1933, 177, no.356). Whether there is any truth in this attribution is unclear, but the ditch-system revealed by the cropmarks barring access to the promontory from the SW probably represents two periods of construction, and the innermost ditch, which is some 10m in breadth and almost certainly represents the final phase of the defences, was certainly of sufficient stature to have been the ditch of a medieval castle. If so this was a major castle, not simply a tower-house, and considerably more important than the available documentation might suggest, enclosing an area measuring about 95m from NW to SE by 75m transversely (0.53ha). The position of the entrance is not visible, the only feature within the interior being what is probably the faint scar of an internal rampart 10m thick immediately to the rear of the ditch, the presence of which reduces the interior to about (0.41ha). At first sight this ditch is accompanied by two concentric outer ditches, but on closer inspection it is clear that towards the NW the inner of these two merges with the broad innermost ditch, and an additional external ditch has been added to the exterior. Unfortunately the detail of the junction is distorted by a natural feature that extends obliquely across the defences at this point, but a faint nick where the outer lips of the two ditches come together suggests that the innermost cuts across the outer line, having been dug in the southern sector to the rear of what was probably originally the inner rampart of an essentially bivallate work, with an additional outer rampart and ditch on the W; the interior probably measured about 0.62ha in extent and again the position of the entrance is not known.

Status

Citizen Science:  

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -291529  Y:  7616174  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.6188498655764274  Latitude:  56.289051809967255  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Fife

Historic County:  Fife

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Kingsbarns

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant  
Cropmark  
Likely Destroyed  

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland  
Commercial Forestry Plantation  
Parkland  
Pasture (Grazing)  
Arable  
Scrub/Bracken  
Bare Outcrop  
Heather/Moorland  
Heath  
Built-up  
Coastal Grassland  
Other  

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort  
Partial Contour Fort  
Promontory Fort  
Hillslope Fort  
Level Terrain Fort  
Marsh Fort  
Multiple Enclosure Fort  

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop  
Coastal Promontory  
Inland Promontory  
Valley Bottom  
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop  
Ridge  
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp  
Hillslope  
Lowland  
Spur  

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North  
Northeast  
East  
Southeast  
South  
Southwest  
West  
Northwest  
Level  

Altitude:  15.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC  
1200BC - 800BC  
800BC - 400BC  
400BC - AD50  
AD50 - AD400  
AD400 - AD 800  
Post AD800  
Unknown  

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Possibly occupied by a castle and latterly ploughed down

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1976, 1982, 1985 and 2008

Investigations:
Other (1968):   Visited by the OS but nothin was visible
1st Identified Written Reference (1976):   First identified by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme (Welfare 1980)
Other (1996):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Featureless apart from traces of the inner rampart

Water Source

None

Source:
None  
Spring  
Stream  
Pool  
Flush  
Well  
Other  

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features  
Round Stone Structures  
Rectangular Stone Structures  
Curvilinear Platforms  
Other Roundhouse Evidence  
Pits  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics  
Pits  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Roads/Tracks  
Quarry Hollows  
Other  
Nothing Found  

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds  
Pottery  
Metal  
Metalworking  
Human Bones  
Animal Bones  
Lithics  
Environmental  
Other  

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked  
None  
Roundhouses  
Rectangular Structures  
Pits  
Postholes  
Roads/Tracks  
Other  

Entrances

None known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None known

Guard Chambers:  

Chevaux de Frise:  

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

At least three ditches cutting off a promontory, but representing two schemes of defence

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.41ha.
Area 2:   0.62ha.
Total:   0.62ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  
Unknown  

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate  
Univallate  
Partial Bivallate  
Bivallate  
Partial Multivallate  
Multivallate  

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Rubble  
Wall-walk  
Evidence of Timber  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
Other  

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None  
Earthen Bank  
Stone Wall  
Murus Duplex  
Timber-framed  
Timber-laced  
Vitrification  
Other Burning  
Palisade  
Counter Scarp Bank  
Berm  
Unfinished  
No Known Excavation  
Other  

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  3

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1933) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Eleventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the counties of Fife, Kinross, and Clackmannan. HMSO: Edinburgh

Welfare, H (1980) 'Jigsaw puzzle and dustbin: air photography and the Iron Age in southern Scotland'. Scot Archaeol Forum 10 (1978), 1-11



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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