Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3211 Ericstane, Dumfriesshire (Braehead; Braefoot Linn)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG379 (None)

NMR:  NT 01 SE 3 (48495)

SM:  654

NGR:  NT 0690 1105

X:  306900  Y:  611050  (OSGB36)

Summary

The construction of this settlement above Ericstane has harnessed a series of natural channels on the N bank of the Braefoot Linn to create what is in effect a bivallate fortification, though as they appear today most of the features of the defences are largely natural. The interior of the settlement is D shaped on plan, its chord formed by the rocky cleft of Braefoot Linn on the S, and measures about 66m from ESE to WNW by 40m transversely (0.23ha). The inner bank appears to be some 8m in thickness, but is probably largely a scarped natural bank capped by a stone wall 2.4m in thickness by 0.4m in height; a few outer facing-stones are visible on the W and ENE. The ditch outside it is likewise tailored from one of the natural channels on the N, but where it cuts across their grain on the W is up to 10m in breadth by 2m in depth. A further 10m outside it on this side a second ditch with an internal bank has been cut to link the lip of the Braefoot Linn gully to a second channel on the N, though there is little evidence of artificial works extending eastwards, either in the channel itself or the rib separating it from the inner ditch. Indeed, the only evidence of artificial work in the channels around the NE flank is a short arc of bank where a trackway approaching the entrance from the N crosses the inner; the entrance into the interior itself lies on the E, the arrangement of the trackway thus exposing the visitor's right side. The interior has been dug into the slope on the W and contains at least four house platforms, the largest of which is about 9.5m in diameter.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -386399  Y:  7436867  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.471079954161523  Latitude:  55.38458749792979  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Dumfriesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Moffat

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✓
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✓
Hillslope   ✓
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✓
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✗

Altitude:  220.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by stone dykes

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

RCAHMS Aerial Survey programme photographed the site in 1986, 1988, 1991 and 2001, and CUCAP in 1974

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1857):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 6-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1861, sheet 9)
Earthwork Survey (1890):   Plan and description by David Christison (1891, 232-4, fig 14)
Other (1898):   Depicted on the OS 25-inch map (Dumfriesshire 1899, sheet 9.10)
Other (1912):   Description by Alexander Curle (RCAHMS 1920, 172-3, no.486)
Other (1937):   Scheduled
Other (1959):   Visited by the OS
Other (1973):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1991):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1997, 135, fig 132; RCAHMS DC32384 & SC 1346440, DC32626, DC32211)

Interior Features

At least four house platforms in the sccoped interior

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

At least four house-platforms

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   Staggered gaps

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Oblique (East):   Oblique approach exposing left side by a trackway piercing the outer defences on the NE
1. Simple Gap (East):   Opposed terminals on the inner circuit, though the outer rampart appears to turn inwards on one side

Enclosing Works

At least two ramparts and ditches, which adapt a series of natural channels and embankments

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.23ha.
Total:   0.23ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✓
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1891) 'A general view of the forts, camps, and motes of Dumfriesshire, with a detailed description of those in Upper Annandale, and an introduction to the study of Scottish motes', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 25 (1890-91), 198-256

RCAHMS (1920) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Seventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Dumfries. HMSO: Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1997) Eastern Dumfriesshire: an archaeological landscape. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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