Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3214 Craigieburn, Dumfriesshire (Moffat Water; Camp Cottage; Craigieburn House; Craigie Burn)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Dumfries & Galloway MDG402 (None)

NMR:  NT 10 NW 6 (49727)

SM:  12694

NGR:  NT 1160 0515

X:  311600  Y:  605150  (OSGB36)

Summary

A heavily mutilated fort is situated on a steep-sided promontory which rises from the E bank of the Craigie Burn and projects out into the valley above the Moffat Water, so much so that the public road is forced to detour around its foot at the S tip. The principal defences of the fort comprise a massive ditch at least 12m in breadth by 1m in depth cutting across the neck of the promontory to the N of a cottage built within the interior, and elsewhere by a thick rampart, which can be traced round the margins of the promontory to enclose an area measuring about 75m from N to S by 53m transversely (0.31ha). To the S of the cottage, however, a stony bank 7.5m in thickness by 0.5m in height can be seen cutting across the interior from E to W, and may represent the perimeter of a later settlement that reuses the rampart around the S end of the promontory to create a roughly circular enclosure measuring a little over 50m in internal diameter. A well formed entrance on the S, which is pierced by a hollow trackway, may well have been an original entrance into the fort. At least five house=platforms can be discerned within the area of the settlement, but the northern of two particularly well formed ones on the NW side seems to overly both the perimeter of the settlement and the earlier rampart, thus suggesting the presence of a final phase of unenclosed settlement on the promontory.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -377936  Y:  7426658  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.395052828635788  Latitude:  55.33245679117162  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Dumfries & Galloway

Historic County:  Dumfriesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Moffat

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✓
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  135.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by late Iron Age settlement enclosure, as well as a later cottage and garden

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1857):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Dumfries 1861, sheet 16.8)
Other (1890):   Description by David Christison (1890, 239)
Other (1912):   Description by Alexander Curle (RCAHMS 1920, 176, no.500)
Other (1971):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Earthwork Survey (1990):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1997, 153, fig 154; RCAHMS DC32327 & SC1346096, DC32513 & SC1243796)
Other (2010):   Scheduled

Interior Features

Partly occupied by a cottage and garden, but the southern tip is occupied by the overlying settlement enclosure, within which there are traces of at least five house-platforms; the northern of the two best preserved, however, overlies the perimeter

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✓
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   The perimeter is heavily degraded

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (South):   Pierced by a hollowed trackway, one branch of which is certainly later and traverses the interior to wards the NNE

Enclosing Works

Single rampart and ditch

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.31ha.
Total:   0.31ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The sequence, however, cannot be securely demonstrated

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   This omits the wall of the overlying settlement

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   1
SE Quadrant:   1
SW Quadrant:   1
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   1

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✓
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1891) 'A general view of the forts, camps, and motes of Dumfriesshire, with a detailed description of those in Upper Annandale, and an introduction to the study of Scottish motes', Proc Soc Antiq Scot 25 (1890-91), 198-256

RCAHMS (1920) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland. Seventh report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the county of Dumfries. HMSO: Edinburgh

RCAHMS (1997) Eastern Dumfriesshire: an archaeological landscape. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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