Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3239 Keir Hill, Lanarkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  The West of Scotland Archaeology Service 11176 (None)

NMR:  NT 14 NW 11 (49995)

SM:  None

NGR:  NT 1001 4741

X:  310010  Y:  647410  (OSGB36)

Summary

The remains of a fort are situated in the woodland on the summit of Keir Hill, but have been heavily mutilated by quarrying, so much so that the defences have been completely destroyed along large sectors of the W and E, along with the greater part of the W half of the interior. Nevertheless, the fort is oval on plan and has measured about 95m from ENE to WSW by 61m transversely within no fewer than three ramparts forming a belt some 24m deep. In the surviving sectors around the S flank and on the N, the ramparts have been reduced to stony scarps little more than 0.3m high. In view of the scale of disturbance that has taken place here, the possible entrances identified by RCAHMS investigators on the S and N can only be demonstrated by excavation. The surviving portion of the interior is featureless, but immediately E of the entrance proposed on the N a small enclosure measuring about 30m by 20m internally rides over the belt of defences, while on the W side what may be a second overlies the outer rampart; while their date and purpose are unknown, they may be the remains of late Iron Age settlement enclosures.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -382254  Y:  7501252  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.4338493841107107  Latitude:  55.71178037588218  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  South Lanarkshire

Historic County:  Lanarkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Dolphinton

Monument Condition

Extensive quarrying has destroyed areas of the interior and sectors of the defences

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✓

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✓
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  304.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Heavily quarried and subsumed into woodland

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1816):   Annotated Camp on William Forrest's map of The County of Lanark from actual survey (1816)
Other (1859):   Annotated Camp on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Lanark 1864, sheet 27.4)
Other (1889):   Description by David Christison (1890, 337)
Earthwork Survey (1959):   Plan (RCAHMS LAD 140/1)
Earthwork Survey (1969):   Plan based on 1959 and description (RCAHMS 1978, 102-3, no.233, fig 59; RCAHMS LAD 140/2)
Other (1972):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

Heavily quarried and otherwise featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Quarried and under plantation

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

Obscured by trees

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Large sectors of the circuit on the NE and W have been destroyed

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   The defences are too destroyed to be certain without excavation that either of these is an entrance

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North):   Gap through all three ramparts adjacent to overlying enclosures
2. Simple Gap (South):   Fragmentary gap in middle rampart suggested by RCAHMS investigators

Enclosing Works

Three ramparts, all reduced to fragmentary scarps

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.46ha.
Total:   0.46ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The overlying enclosures on the N are possibly late Iron Age settlements

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   All three ramparts have probably been continuous but have been reduced to fragments by quarrying

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   3
SW Quadrant:   3
NW Quadrant:   3
Total:   3

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✓
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✗   None

Number of Ditches:  None

Annex:
✗   None

References

Christison, D (1890) 'Forts, camps, and motes of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 24 (1889-90), 281-352

RCAHMS. (1978) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Lanarkshire: an inventory of the prehistoric and Roman monuments. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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