Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3369 Gilliestongues, Roxburghshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 56883 (None)

NMR:  NT 61 NW 17 (56883)

SM:  None

NGR:  NT 6372 1659

X:  363720  Y:  616590  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated on a promontory with steep and precipitous flanks dropping down into the gullies of the Swinnie and Kye Burns on the WNW and ESE respectively, a short distance above their confluence N of Gilliestongues. The defences are drawn in two arcs across both ends of the promontory, but while in 1939 RCAHMS investigators considered that for tactical reasons the inner rampart had probably been carried along the flanks of the promontory (1956, 234-5, no.469), there is no evidence to indicate that this was the case. By then the interior and the SSW end had already been ploughed down, but the central sector of the arc of defences survived, comprising twin ramparts flanking a medial ditch at least 6m in breadth by 3m in depth to either side of a central entrance causeway. At the NNE end there were also traces of an outer ditch, while two terraces cut into the slope below it may indicate others. The interior measures at least 113m from NNE to SSW by up to 45m transversely (0.42ha), but having been heavily ploughed since at least the mid 19th century, more recently it has been subjected to drainage works and planted with trees. In addition to the entrance on the SSW, a terraced trackway drops obliquely SW down the slope to a ford from a point close to the W terminal of the northern defences, leading the RCAHMS investigators to speculate that this possibly marked the position of another original entrance.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -286650  Y:  7448100  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.5750175477565267  Latitude:  55.44186612487642  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Roxburghshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Jedburgh

Monument Condition

Satellite imagery from 2010 shows extensive digging has taken place within the interior, possibly for drainage, while 2015 imagery shows it planted with trees

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

Ploughed down since the mid 19th century, it then reverted to pasture.

Current Use:
Woodland   ✓
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✓
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✗
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✗
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✓
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✓
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  165.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Partly ploughed down since the midd 19th century and in 2010 subject to a drainage scheme

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1859):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Roxburgh 1863, sheet 21.13)
Earthwork Survey (1939):   Plan and description (RCAHMS1956, 234-5, no.469, fig 296; RCAHMS RXD 41/1-4)
Earthwork Survey (1948):   Plan revised and description (RCAHMS1956, 234-5, no.469, fig 296; RCAHMS RXD 41/1-4)
Other (1967):   Resurveyed at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

Featureless

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   The ends of the southern ramparts have been ploughed out

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North):   A trackway descending SW to a ford across the burn from the NNE tip of the enclosure may indicate the position of an original entrance
2. Simple Gap (South):   Central causeway across the ditch

Enclosing Works

Twin ramparts with ditches drawn across both ends of a promontory; additional ditches on the NNE

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.42ha.
Total:   0.42ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1956) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. An inventory of the ancient and historical monuments of Roxburghshire: with the fourteenth report of the Commission, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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