Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3537 Campknowe Plantation, Selkirkshire

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 54329 (None)

NMR:  NT 42 SE 9 (54329)

SM:  2140

NGR:  NT 4820 2194

X:  348200  Y:  621940  (OSGB36)

Summary

What is either a fort or a defended settlement is situated on a low rocky ridge that was once clothed in a plantation bounded by a stone dyke that extends along the lip of the ridge on the SE and cuts back NW at right-angles on the NE. The remains are both complex and denuded, with inner and outer enclosures, the latter probably representing more than one period of construction. Within the plantation the ramparts and ditches of the outer enclosure at the SW end are relatively well defined, though the area had evidently been cultivated before it was planted with trees and the inner enclosure is overridden by cultivation ridges. Beyond the dyke at the NE end, however, the ground has been more intensively ploughed and though traces of low swellings in the surface of the field and nicks in the outcrops are visible, it is difficult to be certain exactly where the defences returned across the crest of the ridge. Nevertheless, the principal features of the perimeter of the outer enclosure present a markedly trapezoidal plan, so much so that it is possible that these are the remains of a strongly enclosed rectilinear settlement rather than a fort as such. Its SW end is bounded by a straight length of low twin banks with a medial ditch 8m broad, but whereas the ditch turns to descend the NW flank of the ridge, the inner bank appears to have been carried back NE along the lip of the slope. This scarp forms a continuous feature along the NW flank, and though the ditch disappears in the bottom of the gully on this side, there is a nick where the plantation wall mounts the slope some 80m to the NE which may mark its return. This measurement is then a minimum length for the interior occupying the summit of the hillock, which splays from 33m on the SW to 65m on the NE (0.5ha). At the SW end, however there are also traces of an outer bank and external ditch traversing the ridge in an arc, converging on the straight inner section at what may be an entrance at the S corner and coinciding with where the plantation dyke extends along the lip of the summit; traces of another ploughed down bank and ditch drop straight down the slope below this entrance, though to which element of the perimeter it might belong is uncertain. This complexity at the SW end was not observed by RCAHMS investigators who drew up a plan in 1950, and they made no attempt to resolve the position of the NE end, where a low swelling hints at the presence of an outer bank and a natural gully descending from the summit is likely to represent a second entrance. Whatever the status of these disparate fragments of banks and ditches, the oval inner enclosure is likely to be secondary, measuring about 75m from NE to SW by 42m transversely within a stony bank spread 6m in thickness and pierced by an entrance on the SW.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -314067  Y:  7457264  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -2.8213140381969635  Latitude:  55.4885359852163  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Selkirkshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Ashkirk

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✗

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  270.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Overlain by an inner enclosure

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
Earthwork Survey (1950):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1957, 96-7, no.127, fig 118; RCAHMS SED 10/1-2)
Other (1961):   Scheduled
1st Identified Map Depiction (1965):   Surveyed at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1993):   Visited by RCAHMS
Other (2011):   Visited by S Halliday in the course of the investigation of a nearby Roman coin hoard

Interior Features

Occupied by a large enclosure which is probably a late Iron Age settlement and showing traces of low straight rigs throughout

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✓
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
2:   Large sectors of the perimeter have been levelled

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North east):   Marked by shallow gully
2. Simple Gap (South west):   At the S angle on the margin of the summit area

Enclosing Works

Where best preserved on the SW there are low twin banks with a medial ditch, which has been cut through a particularly hard band of outcrops on the NW margin of the summit area; a slighter outer bank and ditch can also be seen at this end. The rest is too heavily denuded to be certain of its configuration.

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.5ha.
Total:   0.5ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   The perimeter on the SW almost certainly represents two periods of construction, though it is too disturbed to demonstrate stratigraphically, and the inner enclosure is also probably secondary.

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   None

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   1
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✓
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✓
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✓
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   Where best preserved at the SW end

Number of Ditches:  2

Annex:
✗   None

References

RCAHMS (1957) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. An inventory of the ancient and historical monuments of Selkirkshire with the fifteenth report of the Commission. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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