Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3550 Rough Side, Peeblesshire (Cardon)

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

LiDAR 1m DTM Hillshade

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

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HER:  Scottish Borders 48734 (None)

NMR:  NT 03 SE 4 (48734)

SM:  876

NGR:  NT 0927 3351

X:  309270  Y:  633510  (OSGB36)

Summary

This enclosure, which is recorded as an unfinished fort, is situated high on the SW spur of the unnamed hill forming the watershed behind Cardon. Bisected by the stone dyke forming the property boundary running up the crest of the spur, the western side, falling on the flank of the hill known as Rough Side, was ploughed for a conifer plantation in 1985 and is now clothed in rough heather and sporadic trees, but the eastern half lies in improved pasture, revealing detail that was not observed when the earthworks were first surveyed by RCAHMS in 1956. In short, the 'marker trench' enclosing an oval area measuring 50m from ESE to WNW by 39m transversely (0.15ha), is more probably a palisade trench, within which two ring-ditch houses can be seen; the entrance is probably represented by a gap on the E. The isolated ring of quarry pits with mounds of upcast on their inner lips that surrounds the inner enclosure at a distance of about 10m may yet be the remains of an unfinished rampart and ditch, but it should be noted that there is no evidence for any form of linking marker, and thus insufficient continuity between them to be sure that they were conceived as an enclosure. At the two larger segments, on the N and S respectively, the crest of the mound of upcast stands 1.8m above the bottom of the supposed ditch, which is between 3m and 5m in breadth. If indeed an unfinished rampart, it would have enclosed an area about 65m in diameter, a little in excess of 0.3ha.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -383054  Y:  7476592  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.4410300143337045  Latitude:  55.58678522309304  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Broughton, Glenholm And Kilbucho

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✓
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✗
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✗
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  365.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   A more recent quarry is cut into the interior and clips the palisade trench on the N; the W side has been ploughed for forestry

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

None

Investigations:
Earthwork Survey (1956):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 140-1, no.315, fig 130; RCAHMS PBD 138/1-2)
Other (1972):   Scheduled
Other (1972):   Re-surveyed at 1:2500
Earthwork Survey (1985):   Visited by S Halliday prior to plan by Peter Hill on behalf of Historic Scotland (Hill 1985)

Interior Features

Palisade trench around two ring-ditch houses

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

Ring-ditch houses

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✗
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✓
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✓
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

Not known

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
0:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   The line of the supposed rampart is to sparse to consider in this framework

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:No related records

Enclosing Works

The palisade trench is evidently a relatively minor settlement enclosure, around which there is a ring of pits with upcast that may be an unfinished line of defence; the area the latter would have enclosed is a little over 0.3ha, but in view of its discontinuous character this is a very crude estimate

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.3ha.
Total:   0.3ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✗   None

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✗   Too discontinuous to be considered in this way, but if an unfinished rampart, almost certainly a complete circuit

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   0
SE Quadrant:   0
SW Quadrant:   0
NW Quadrant:   0
Total:   0

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

Supposedly unfinished earthwork, but insufficient to be convincing

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✓
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✓
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   No more than a ring of quarry pits with upcast

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Hill, P H (1985) 'Rough Side (Broughton, Glenholm and Kilbucho p), hilltop settlement'. Disc Exc Scot (1985), 3

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


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