Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland

SC3557 Chester Rig, Cardon, Peeblesshire (The Rings)

Satellite Imagery

Satellite Imagery

HER:  Scottish Borders 48717 (None)

NMR:  NT 03 SE 2 (48717)

SM:  3031

NGR:  NT 0996 3205

X:  309960  Y:  632050  (OSGB36)

Summary

This fort is situated on a hillock that forms a local summit rising out of the gentler middle slopes on the crest of Chester Rig. Roughly circular on plan, it measures about 55m in diameter (0.24ha) within twin ramparts and a medial ditch, but most of the interior is occupied concentrically by a later settlement measuring 47m in diameter (0.17ha) within a wall reduced to a band of rubble. The inner rampart of the fort has been reduced to an external scarp dropping down into the medial ditch, and while the outer rampart generally extends along the lip of the counterscarp, on the SE it is separated from the ditch by a narrow berm, though this is possibly evidence of two periods of construction in the rampart (see profile drawn by David Christison 1887, 61, fig 46). The entrance is on the NW, where a deeply worn hollow mounts the flank of the knoll and divides into two to serve the round-houses set round the edges of the area enclosed by the later settlement. At least three of these round-houses comprise low stony ring-banks, but there are possibly as many as eight in total.

Status

Citizen Science:  ✗

Reliability of Data:  Confirmed

Reliability of Interpretation:  Confirmed

Location

X:  -381782  Y:  7474035  (EPSG: 3857)

Longitude:  -3.429609935145964  Latitude:  55.573798648919876  (EPSG:4326)

Country:  Scotland

Current County or Unitary Authority:  Scottish Borders

Historic County:  Peeblesshire

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland:  Broughton, Glenholm And Kilbucho

Monument Condition

None

Condition:
Extant   ✓
Cropmark   ✗
Likely Destroyed   ✗

Land Use

None

Current Use:
Woodland   ✗
Commercial Forestry Plantation   ✗
Parkland   ✗
Pasture (Grazing)   ✓
Arable   ✗
Scrub/Bracken   ✗
Bare Outcrop   ✗
Heather/Moorland   ✓
Heath   ✗
Built-up   ✗
Coastal Grassland   ✗
Other   ✗

Landscape

Hillfort Type

None

Type:
Contour Fort   ✓
Partial Contour Fort   ✗
Promontory Fort   ✗
Hillslope Fort   ✗
Level Terrain Fort   ✗
Marsh Fort   ✗
Multiple Enclosure Fort   ✗

Topographic Position

Position:
Hilltop   ✗
Coastal Promontory   ✗
Inland Promontory   ✗
Valley Bottom   ✗
Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop   ✓
Ridge   ✗
Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp   ✗
Hillslope   ✗
Lowland   ✗
Spur   ✓

Dominant Topographic Feature:  None

Aspect:
North   ✗
Northeast   ✗
East   ✗
Southeast   ✗
South   ✗
Southwest   ✗
West   ✗
Northwest   ✗
Level   ✓

Altitude:  333.0m

Boundary

N/A


Dating Evidence

In the absence of excavation, there are neither stratified artefacts nor radiocarbon dates to provide a chronology for the defences.

Reliability:  D - None

Principal Activity:
Pre 1200BC   ✗
1200BC - 800BC   ✗
800BC - 400BC   ✗
400BC - AD50   ✗
AD50 - AD400   ✗
AD400 - AD 800   ✗
Post AD800   ✗
Unknown   ✓

Other Activity:
Pre Hillfort:   None
Post Hillfort:   Occupied by a later settlement enclosure with stone round-houses

Evidence:No related records

Investigation History

Photographed by RCAHMS Aerial Survey Programme in 1981, 1993, 2002 and 2010

Investigations:
1st Identified Map Depiction (1856):   Annotated Fort on the 1st edition OS 25-inch map (Peebles 1859, sheet 15.12)
Other (1864):   Listed by William Chambers (1864, 30)
Earthwork Survey (1886):   Sketch-plan and description by David Christison (1887, 60-1, fig 46)
Earthwork Survey (1957):   Plan and description (RCAHMS 1967, 110, no.273, fig 88; RCAHMS PBD 99/1 -2)
Other (1964):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS
Other (1971):   Scheduled
Other (1972):   Revised at 1:2500 by the OS

Interior Features

Occupied by a late Iron Age settlement enclosure containing at least three and possibly as many as eight round-houses defined by low stony ring-banks, though in 1972 the OS identified only six

Water Source

None

Source:
None   ✓
Spring   ✗
Stream   ✗
Pool   ✗
Flush   ✗
Well   ✗
Other   ✗

Surface

None

Interior Features (Surface):
No Known Features   ✗
Round Stone Structures   ✓
Rectangular Stone Structures   ✗
Curvilinear Platforms   ✗
Other Roundhouse Evidence   ✗
Pits   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavation

None

Interior Features (Excavation):
No Known Excavation   ✓
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Geophysics

None

Interior Features (Geophysics):
No Known Geophysics   ✓
Pits   ✗
Roundhouses   ✗
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Quarry Hollows   ✗
Other   ✗
Nothing Found   ✗

Finds

None

Interior (Finds):
No Known Finds   ✓
Pottery   ✗
Metal   ✗
Metalworking   ✗
Human Bones   ✗
Animal Bones   ✗
Lithics   ✗
Environmental   ✗
Other   ✗

Aerial

NO APPARENT FEATURES

Interior Features (Aerial):
APs Not Checked   ✗
None   ✗
Roundhouses   ✓
Rectangular Structures   ✗
Pits   ✗
Postholes   ✗
Roads/Tracks   ✗
Other   ✗

Entrances

See main summary

Total Number of Breaks Through Ramparts:  
1:   None

Number of Possible Original Entrances:  
2:   None

Guard Chambers:  ✗

Chevaux de Frise:  ✗

Entrances:
1. Simple Gap (North west):   Well-defined roadway running up into the interior and considered by RCAHMS investigators in 1957 to be a dug feature

Enclosing Works

Twin ramparts with a medial ditch, with a probably late Iron Age settlement enclosure occupying its interior

Enclosed Area:
Area 1:   0.24ha.
Total:   0.24ha.

Total Footprint Area:  Noneha.

Ramparts

None

Multi-period Enclosure System:
✓   Possible evidence of two phase in the counterscarp rampart on the SE, with the twin crests drawn by David Christison, and the interior is occupied by the later settlement enclosre, though the stratigraphy cannot be demonstrated without excavation

Ramparts Form a Continuous Circuit:
✓   This omits the perimeter of the settlement

Number of Ramparts:  
NE Quadrant:   2
SE Quadrant:   2
SW Quadrant:   2
NW Quadrant:   2
Total:   2

Morphology

Current Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✓
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗
Unknown   ✗

Detailed Morphology:
Partial Univallate   ✗
Univallate   ✗
Partial Bivallate   ✗
Bivallate   ✗
Partial Multivallate   ✗
Multivallate   ✗

Surface Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Surface):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✓
Stone Wall   ✗
Rubble   ✗
Wall-walk   ✗
Evidence of Timber   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
Other   ✗

Excavated Evidence

None

Enclosing Works (Excavation):
None   ✗
Earthen Bank   ✗
Stone Wall   ✗
Murus Duplex   ✗
Timber-framed   ✗
Timber-laced   ✗
Vitrification   ✗
Other Burning   ✗
Palisade   ✗
Counter Scarp Bank   ✗
Berm   ✗
Unfinished   ✗
No Known Excavation   ✓
Other   ✗

Other

Gang Working:
✗   None

Ditches:
✓   None

Number of Ditches:  1

Annex:
✗   None

References

Chambers, W (1864) A History of Peeblessire. William and Robert Chambers: Edinburgh and London

Christison, D (1887) 'The prehistoric forts of Peeblesshire'. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 21 (1886-7), 13-82

RCAHMS (1967) The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Peeblesshire: an inventory of the ancient monuments, 2v. HMSO: Edinburgh



Terms of Use

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and should be cited as:

Lock, Gary and Ralston, Ian. 2024. Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Available at: https://hillforts.arch.ox.ac.uk


Document Version 1.1